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PRE-REG-Thuri > GI SYSTEM- SPASM, LIVER DISORDER, OBESITY, ANAL FISSURES, PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY > Flashcards

GI SYSTEM- SPASM, LIVER DISORDER, OBESITY, ANAL FISSURES, PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food allergy?

A

Immune response to specific foods

e.g. peanuts, milk, eggs

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2
Q

What is main treatment for food allergy?

A

Eliminate food from diet

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3
Q

What are 4 SEs of food allergy?

A

N + V + D

Urticaria + angioedema

Dyspnoea + wheezing

Anaphylaxis

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4
Q

What is given for anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline

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5
Q

What is given for skin reactions?

A

Chlorphenamine

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6
Q

What drug is given also with eliminating food giving allergy?

A

Sodium cromoglicate

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7
Q

What are GI spasms?

A

Painful contractions of smooth muscle

can be due to IBS, IBD, Colic.

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8
Q

What 2 drug classes are used for GI spasms?

A

Antimuscarinic

Anti-spasmodic drugs

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9
Q

MOA of antimuscarinic ?

A

Reduces gut motility

Blocks muscarinic receptors to cause wide range of sympathetic effects

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10
Q

What are some indications of antimuscarinics?

A

GI spasms

Asthma/COPD, motion sickness arrhythmia , Urinary incontinence, tremors.

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11
Q

List 4 antimuscarinics?

A

Atropine

Dicycloverine

Propantheline

Hyoscine butylbromide

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11
Q

What is a CNS SE of atropine?

A

Delirium

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12
Q

What is an MHRA warning for hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Risk of serious SEs in patients with underlying cardiac disease

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13
Q

What is a contra-indication of hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Tachycardia

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13
Q

What is a caution of hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Cardiac disease - monitor. + resus available

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14
Q

What are 6 SEs of Antimuscarinincs? (CUTe BUG)

A

Confusion, constipation, dry mouth, drowsiness
U
Tachycardia

Blurred vision
Urinary retention
Glaucoma

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14
Q

What are 4 colon and bladder related contra-indications of anti-muscarinics?

A

Paralytic ileus, obstruction, toxic megacolon, urinary retention

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14
Q

What is a bladder related caution of antimuscarinics?

A

Enlarged prostate

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15
Q

MOA of antispasmodic?

A

Direct relaxant of intestinal smooth muscle

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15
Q

Indication of antispasmodics?

A

GI spasms

IBS

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15
Q

List are 3 antispasmodics?

A

Mebeverine

alverine

peppermint oil

16
Q

What antispasmodic drug can cause dizziness - careful driving?

A

Alverine

16
Q

What is patient counselling for peppermint oil capsules?

A

Swallow whole - local irritation of mouth + oesophagus

16
Q

What is a contra-indication of antispasmodics?

A

Paralytic ileus

17
Q

What is an anal fissure?

A

Tear or ulcer in anal canal

17
Q

What are 3 symptoms of anal fissure?

A

Linear split

sharp pain

bleeding- bright red

18
Q

What is treatment for ACUTE anal fissure?

A

Bulk forming laxative

or Osmotic

18
Q

Define chronic anal fissures?

A

More than 6 weeks

18
Q

What is treatment for chronic anal fissures?

A

GTN rectal ointment

18
Q

What 2 things can be used for pain relief?

A

Simple analgesic

Local anaesthetic - max a few days

18
Q

What are haemorrhoids?

A

Vascular swelling in anal canal

18
Q

What are 3 symptoms of anal fissures?

A

swellings

painful + itchy

Bleeding - bright red

19
Q

What is treatment for anal fissures caused by constipation?

A

Bulk forming laxatives

19
Q

What is treatment for anal fissures pain relief?

A

Simple analgesic

20
Q

What type of analgesic to avoid in rectal bleeding?

A

NSAIDs

20
Q

What 2 drugs can be used for topical treatment for anal fissures

A

Local anaesthetic

Corticosteroid

21
Q

How long can steroid be used for in treatment for anal fissures?

A

max 7days

22
Q

What is pancreatic insufficiency?

A

Pancreas does not secrete enough enzymes

23
Q

What are 4 symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency?

A

Diarrhoea , abdo cramps, steatorrhea (fat in poop)

Malnutrition

23
Q

What is treatment for pancreatic insufficiency?

A

Replacement therapy - vitamin supplements

24
Q

MOA of pancreatin?

A

Replaces pancreatic enzymes

Help digest protein ,fat + carbohydrate

25
Q

How to take pancreatin?

A

Meals and snacks

Do not mix with very hot food/drink

25
Q

What is one thing patients need to do with pancreatin?

A

Drink alot of water - if high dose given

25
Q

What dose of pancreatin to give if enteric coated?

A

Higher dose needed

26
Q

What are 3 main SEs of pancreatin ? (FIG)

A

Fibrosing colonopathy

Irritation - perioral skin + buccal mucosa

GI effect (common)

26
Q

What is Fibrosing colonopathy?

A

Patients with cystic fibrosis taking high dose pancreatin

27
Q

What are 4 risk factors for Fibrosing colonopathy?

A

Boys

CF

Laxative use

high dose pancreatic enzyme (in excess of 10 000 units/kg/day lipase)

28
Q

What is a stoma?

A

Opening that puts urine/ faeces into bag

28
Q

What 4 needs should be considered for patient with stoma?

A

EC + MR preps

soluble, liquids, caps

GI SEs = drugs like NSAID, iron, Mg + Au antacids

Electrolyte + water depletion

29
Q

Can laxatives be used in ileostomy?

A

NO

29
Q

What laxative to use if colostomy?

A

Bulk forming

29
Q

How can K+ supplements be given in stoma patients?

A

Liquid prep

split doses

PRE-REG-Thuri (44 decks)

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