Lesson 2-Consequences of Urbanisation

Question 1

Urban Sprawl

Answer 1

Is defined as the spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside.

Question 2

Negative impacts of urban sprawl

Answer 2

• Requires lots of new infrastructure, less economically efficient to service low density rural areas compared to compact urban areas
• The main cause of animal wildlife habitat loss
• Causes more commuting from the suburbs and therefore more fuel consumption and traffic congestion

Question 3

Where do slums develop?

Answer 3

On the edge of cities or in areas of low land value.

Therefore prone to environmental hazards like flooding

Question 4

Slum data in 2017-2030?

Answer 4

• 2017-900 million lived in slums
• 2030-1/4 people will live in a slum

Question 5

Why people disagree with the term slum housing?

Answer 5

In Mumbai, some people see it as a political label so others refer to them as homegrown neighbourhoods

Question 6

CASE STUDY URBANISATION-Mumbai

Answer 6

• Home to Dharavi slum that holds over 1 million people- Asias biggest slum
• Located on prime real estate in the centre of Mumbai

Question 7

Challenges in Mumbai

Answer 7

• Economic/Social divide
• Sanitation issues
  -lack of basic ammenities
  -unreliable water supply
• Lots of waste
• $86 a month salary average
• Danger-inacessble

Question 8

Shortage of housing in HIC’s

Answer 8

• Shortage of affordable housing is the key problem
• In London, average house prices rose by almost 70% between 2010 and 2019 due to migration, gentrification and the purchasing of property by wealthy foreign investors

Question 9

Lack of urban services and waste disposal

Answer 9

• Financial restraints in LIC’s results in a lack of basic services like water and electricity

-maintenance of infrastructure is also limited and results in traffic congestion, polluted water, flooding and spread of disease

• In 2015 only 5% of piped water supply reached slum areas in 42 Indian cities and towns

Question 10

Unemployment and under-employment

Answer 10

• Unemployment rates typically high
  -people may be employed in ‘informal jobs’ like a street vender
• Under-employment commonly occurs when migrants move and are desperate for a job

Question 11

Transport issues

Answer 11

• Urbanisation and Suburbanisation have led to increased traffic in cities across the world
  -congestion and pollution
• Car boom in the 60’s-more roads were built to compensate but acctually did the opposite as it attracted more people

Question 12

CASE STUDY SUBURBANISATION Los Angeles (USA)

Answer 12

• Issues of transport in HIC
• Infrastructure couldnt keep up with rapid population growth
• Didnt build enough free ways
• Worst city in the world for traffic

Question 13

Ways of combatting bad congestion?

Answer 13

• Congestion pricing -pricing through specific areas
• Wider road lanes

Question 14

How are the challenges different in HIC’s and LIC’s?

Answer 14

• Affordable housing in HIC’s and acctually sufficient housing in LIC’s
• Transport issues in both
• HIC’s face a bigger problem of unemployment and underemployment
• LIC’s face a bigger lack of urban services and waste disposal

Question 15

How does level of development affect the challenges in cities?

Answer 15

• HIC’s have more funding to be able to afford better infrastructure and housing
• LIC’s face a greater lack of basic ammenities due to their small spending capabilities