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Musculoskeletal 1 > Biomechanics Of Lumbar > Flashcards

Biomechanics Of Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 subsystems?

A

Control subsystem-Neural

Active subsystem-Spinal Muscles

Passive subsystem-Spinal Column

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2
Q

What percentage of load is through the intervertebral body and interbody joint?

A

80%

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3
Q

What percentage of load is through the posterior structures?

A

20% (ligamentum flavum)

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4
Q

What is an annulus?

A

Concentric rings to contain nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

What does the annulus provide?

A

Peripheral strength

Flexibility

Protection from distraction

Shear

Torsion

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6
Q

What percentage of water in younger adults is the nucleus pulposus?

A

70-90%

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7
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus?

A

Shock absorber

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8
Q

What can dehydrated discs increase?

A

Load to facet joints

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9
Q

What happens when the nucleus pulposus becomes depressurized due to age?

A

Loses uniform cushioning and may bulge

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10
Q

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint?

A

Synovial plane

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11
Q

What movement does the zygapophyseal joint allow?

A

Flexion

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12
Q

Why do zygapophyseal joints restrict excessive flexion?

A

To protect IVD

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13
Q

What does the zygapophyseal joint block?

A

Excessive anterior translation

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14
Q

What is the ROM of lumbar axial rotation?

A

5-7°

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15
Q

What is the ROM of lumbar rotation limited by?

A

Sagittal plane alignment

Facet joints

Facet separation

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16
Q

What is the ROM of lumbar lateral flexion?

A

20°

17
Q

What is the role of intrinsic muscles?

A

Precision control (high degree of muscle spindles)

18
Q

What is the role of extrinsic muscles?

A

Coarse control, stabilization, and torque production

19
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm and pelvic floor?

A

Maintain intraabdominal pressure for stability

20
Q

Why does the neural subsystem receive input from passive and active subsystems?

A

To determine requirement for maintaining stability

21
Q

What are the general tissues and structures that provide passive support to the lumbar spine?

A

Bones

Ligaments

Intervertebral discs

22
Q

What general patterns of positioning and action result in increasing intradiscal pressure?

A

Pressure is most increased when carrying and lifting objects with the least amount of pressure when lying down or reclining

23
Q

Which anatomical structures compose the motion segment?

A

Superior vertebrae

Intervertebral disc

Interbody joint

Inferior vertebrae

Facet joint

24
Q

What determines the labeling of anatomical movement of the motion segment?

A

When naming, we name based on how the superior vertebrae moves on the inferior vertebrae

And based on the direction of the anterior surface of the vertebral body

25
Q

Explain the effect of spinal flexion on the neural and central foraminal openings?

A

Separation of the spinal processes increasing the diameter of the neural foramen and spinal canal

26
Q

Explain the effect of spinal extension on the neural and central foramina openings?

A

Closing of the facet joints, narrowing the lateral neural foramen

27
Q

What is the normal total spinal flexion ROM required to be normal?

A

45-50 degress

28
Q

What’s the normal total spinal extension ROM?

A

15-25 degrees

29
Q

What is forward bending?

A

Lumbar flexion followed by anterior pelvic tilt

30
Q

What is returning to upright?

A

Posterior pelvic tilt followed by lumbar extension

31
Q

How might manual therapies impact the 3 subsystems?

A

Helps retrain the system continuing form localized stabilization to general stabilization and functional stabilization

32
Q

What does manual therapy ensure?

A

Patients have mobility, stability, and proprioception to be able to perform exercise

33
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of lumbar flexion?

A

Inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae glide superiorly to open the facet joint

(Superior vertebrae rolls anteriorly on inferior vertebrae)

Musculoskeletal 1 (30 decks)

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