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Musculoskeletal 1 > Hip Biomechanics (2) > Flashcards

Hip Biomechanics (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the function of the pelvis?

A

Supports abdominal contents

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2
Q

What does the pelvis link?

A

Vertebral column to the lower limbs

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3
Q

Where does the pelvis transmit forces from?

A

Lower limbs to vertebral column

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4
Q

What are the 7 joints in the pelvis?

A

Lumbo-sacral

Sacroiliac (2)

Sacro-coccygeal

Symphysis pubis

Hip joints (2)

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5
Q

What does the acetabulum consist of?

A

2/5 ilium

2/5 ischium

1/5 pubis

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6
Q

What happens to the roundness of the acetabulum with age?

A

It decreases

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the acetabulum?

A

Anterior lateral inferior

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8
Q

What is the average angle of anteversion in males?

A

18.5°

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9
Q

What is the average angle of anteversion in females?

A

21.5°

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10
Q

What does a larger angle of the acetabulum equal?

A

Less stability (increase likelihood of anterior dislocation of head of the femur)

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11
Q

What are the functions of the acetabulum?

A

Deepens socket to increase joint concavity

Grasps femoral head to maintain contact with acetabulum

May serve proprioceptive and pain sensitivity roles

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12
Q

What is the center edge angle of the acetabulum?

A

Magnitude of the inferior orientation

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13
Q

What is the average center edge angle for men?

A

38°

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14
Q

What is the average center edge angle for women?

A

35°

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15
Q

What is the range of the center edge angle?

A

22-42°

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16
Q

What does a decrease in center edge angle indicate?

A

Decreased stability

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17
Q

How long does center edge angle increase for?

A

Until skeletal maturity

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18
Q

What is the average angle of inclination for the femoral head in the acetabulum?

A

126° (115-140°)

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19
Q

What indicates coxa valga?

A

Angle > 150°

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20
Q

What indicates coxa vara?

A

Angle <120°

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21
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the Coxa valga?

A

Ipsilateral subtalar pronation

Ipsilateral genu recurvatum

Ipsilateral knee/hip flexion

Ipsilateral anterior pelvic rotation

Contralateral lumbar rotation

Contralateral subtalar supination or plantar flexion

Long ipsilateral leg

Lateral rotation of leg

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22
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Coxa vara?

A

Contralateral subtalar pronation

Contralateral Genu recurvatum

Contralateral knee/hip flexion

Ipsilateral posterior pelvic tilt

Ipsilateral lumbar rotation

Ipsilateral subtalar supination or plantar flexion

Short ipsilateral leg

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23
Q

What is the normal angle of torsion in infants?

A

40°

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24
Q

What is the normal angle of torsion in an adult?

A

10-20°

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25
Q

What is anteversion?

A

In toe (effects knees and feet)

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26
Q

What is retroversion?

A

Out toeing (effects knees and feet)

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27
Q

What are some clinical findings of anterversion?

A

Excessive hip IR

Limited ER

Squinting patella

Lateral patellar subluxation

28
Q

What is the most common direction for acetabular dislocation?

A

Posterior (in an adducted and flexed posture)

29
Q

What is the thickeness of the hip joint capsule in the posterior inferior direction?

A

Thin and loose

30
Q

What is the femoral neck?

A

Intrascapular

31
Q

What is the greater and less trochanter?

A

Extrascalular

32
Q

What does the iliofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension and ER

33
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament limit?

A

Abduction

Extension

ER

34
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament limit?

A

Extension

IR

ER

35
Q

How much body weight do the hip joint, capsule, and ligaments support?

A

2/3

36
Q

What is the normal stance in the hip?

A

Hip joint neutral or slight extension

37
Q

How strong are the capsuloligamentous structures?

A

Strong enough to support stance without muscular support

38
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum teres?

A

Conduit for secondary blood and nerve supply (not for stability)

39
Q

What would absence of secondary blood supply to the head result in?

A

Increase risk of avascular necrosis

40
Q

Where is the greatest strength in trabecular patterns?

A

Areas where the major systems cross

41
Q

Where are the zones of weakness in trabecular patterns?

A

Thin trabeculae (no crossing)

More prone to injury

Susceptible to bending forces

42
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip flexion?

A

120-130°

43
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip extension?

A

10-20°

44
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip abduction?

A

40-45°

45
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip adduction?

A

20-30°

46
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip ER?

A

40-50°

47
Q

What is the normal AROM for hip IR?

A

35-45°

48
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip flexion?

A

120-135°

49
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip extension?

A

10-30°

50
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip abduction?

A

30-50°

51
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip adduction?

A

10-30°

52
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip ER?

A

45-60°

53
Q

What is the normal PROM for hip IR?

A

30-45°

54
Q

What is the required hip motion to ascend stairs?

A

40-67° flexion

55
Q

What is the required hip motion to put on pants?

A

90° flexion

56
Q

What is the required hip motion to place the foot on opposite thigh?

A

120° flexion

20° abduction

20° ER

57
Q

What is the minimum functional ROM for the hip?

A

90° flexion

20° abduction

0-20° IR/ER

58
Q

What occurs in a posterior tilt?

A

Hip extension

59
Q

What occurs in an anterior tilt?

A

Hip flexion

60
Q

What occurs in right hip/pelvic hiking?

A

(Contralateral) left hip abduction

61
Q

What occurs in right hip pelvic drop?

A

(Contralateral) left hip adduction

62
Q

What occurs in a forward pelvic rotation?

A

Hip IR of supporting limb

63
Q

What occurs in backward pelvic rotation?

A

Hip ER of supporting limb

64
Q

What is the normal lumbopelvic rhythm in the Sagittal plane?

A

90° hip flexion

45° lumbar flexion

65
Q

What is the normal lumbopelvic rhythm in the coronal plane?

A

Left hip abduction limited to 45°

Musculoskeletal 1 (30 decks)

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