4.2 Respiration Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration?
an exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells.
what are the equations for aerobic respiration? (word and symbol)
glucose + oxgyen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
where does aerobic respiraion take place?
in the mitochondria
why do organisms require the energy released by respiration?
- synthesis of larger molecules
- muscle contration
- mainenance of body temperature
- active transport
what is anaerobic respiration?
an exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen.
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)
why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred.
why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue?
lactic acid (product of anaerobic respiration) builds up in muscles, preventing efficient contraction.
what is an oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen needed to convery lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration.
what is fermentation?
a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells.
what is the equation for fermentation?
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
why is the fermentation reaction important?
it is used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks.
what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
- aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
- aerobic produces CO2 and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO2.
- aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy.
how do muscles store glucose?
as glycogen
what changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body?
- heart rate increases and arteries dilate - increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles.
- breathing rate increases and breathing is deeper - increases the rate of gaseous exchange.
- stored glycogen is converted back into glucose.
