Ophthalmic conditions (Yr 4) Flashcards
why are medial eyelid lacerations more problematic?
tear ducts found medially so could cause damage to them
what are some common masses found around the eye?
sarcoid
SCC (eyelid)
melanoma
what are the four layers of the cornea?
epithelium
stroma
descemet membrane
endothelium
what are the clinical signs of ulcerative keratitis?
pain
blepharospasm
ephipora (excessive tear production)
photophobia
how are superficial ulcers treated?
topical antibiotics (gentamicin…)
topical atropine if secondary myosis
how are deeper ulcers that affect the stroma treated?
topical antibiotics (gentamicin)
possible scarring once healed
what is keratomalacia also known as?
melting ulcer
what is the pathogenesis of a melting ulcer?
bacterial infections or leucocytes causing activation/production of proteolytic enzymes
how is a melting ulcer treated?
topical serum
topical EDTA
topical tetracycline or doxycycline
NSAIDs (flunixin)
what is a descemetocele?
ulcer where all of the stroma has eroded away (very high risk of rupture)
how pain full is a descemetocele?
not necessarily any more painful than other ulcers (more pain comes from superficial cornea)
how can descemetoceles be treated?
antibiotics
anti-proteolytic medication (EDTA, serum…)
conjunctival flap
why is a conjunctival flap indicated for descemetocele?
eye at high risk of rupture so provides support and gives a good blood supply to aid healing
what can happen in cases of full thickness corneal lacerations?
iris prolapse
what are good antibiotic option for treatment of stromal abscesses?
chloramphenicol
(gentamicin not good for this)
