Iatrogenic emergencies (Yr4)

Question 1

what complications can be seen when passing a nasogastric tube?

Answer 1

haemorrhage
(oesophageal perforation and inhalation pneumonia uncommon)

Question 2

what factors increase the risk of rectal tears?

Answer 2

Arabians
stallions/colts
colics
fractious horses
using a probe

Question 3

what is a grade 1 rectal tear?

Answer 3

mucosa and submucosa

Question 4

what is a grade 2 rectal tear?

Answer 4

muscularis only

Question 5

what is a grade 3a rectal tear?

Answer 5

mucosa and muscularis (serosa intact)

Question 6

what is a grade 3b rectal tear?

Answer 6

mucosa and muscularis (into mesocolon)

Question 7

what is a grade 4 rectal tear?

Answer 7

full thickness tear into peritoneal cavity

Question 8

how can grade 1 or 2 rectal tears be treated?

Answer 8

medically (penicillin/gentamicin, flunixin megulamine, tetanus, epidural)

Question 9

how can grade 3 or 4 rectal tears be treated?

Answer 9

medically (penicillin/gentamicin, flunixin megulamine, tetanus, epidural)
surgically (sutures, rectal liner, temporary diverting colostomy)
euthanasia