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Radiographic Pathology > Hematopoietic and Endocrine System > Flashcards

Hematopoietic and Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

This pathology is the decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of the blood.

A

Anemia

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2
Q

There is only one type of anemia.

A

False, there are multiple types.

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3
Q

Name 3 types of anemia.

A

iron deficiency, hemolytic, aplastic

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4
Q

An anemic patient may have a _____ RBC count

A

low

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5
Q

What test diagnoses anemia?

A

blood test

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6
Q

Medical term for tumor

A

neoplasm

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7
Q

Medical term for the abnormal proliferation of cells

A

neoplasia

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8
Q

What are 3 examples of benign neoplasms?

A

adenoma, fibroma, chondroma

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9
Q

what are 5 examples of malignant neoplasms?

A

carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia

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10
Q

This is the neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells

A

Leukemia

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11
Q

Leukemia is always chronic.

A

False, can be acute as well

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12
Q

What type of leukemia would result in increased lymphocyte production?

A

Lymphatic leukemia

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13
Q

What is the most common type of leukemia?

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

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14
Q

What might indicate leukemia on a skeletal x-ray?

A

Radiolucent bands at the metaphyses of long bones, ore moth eaten appearance.

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15
Q

The liver and kidney may be ______ in a patient with leukemia.

A

Enlarged

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16
Q

What form of lymphoma is more common?

A

non-hodgkins

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17
Q

What form of lymphoma is more aggressive and has lower survival rates.

A

non-hodgkins

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18
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma begins in what form of cell?

A

Lymphocyte

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19
Q

What modality is used to stage lymphoma?

A

MRI or PET

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20
Q

What does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?

A

vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

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21
Q

What does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?

A

hGH, thyroid stimulating hormone, sex hormone, and ACTH

22
Q

What part of the brain stem controls the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

23
Q

What lobe is more frequent for pituitary adenoma?

A

Anterior lobe

24
Q

What modality is used to diagnose pituitary adenoma?

A

MRI

25
Q

what procedure is used to treat pituitary adenoma?

A

Gamma knife

26
Q

Do pituitary tumors appear homogenous or heterogenous when CM enhanced?

A

homogenous

27
Q

pituitary tumors are _____Dense

A

hyper

28
Q

This is a disease where glucocorticoids are in excess

A

cushing’s disease

29
Q

Administration of ____ may cause exogenous cushing’s disease

A

cortisone/corticosteroids

30
Q

What might cause endogenous cushing’s disease?

A

pituitary tumor or adrenal tumor

31
Q

Patients with cushing’s syndrome bruise easily

A

True

32
Q

Patients with cushing’s syndrome have a round or moon face.

A

True

33
Q

Patients with cushing’s syndrome are immune to osteoporosis

A

False, they often have it.

34
Q

How do the adrenal gland wings appear on a CT or US of a patient with Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Thickened bilaterally

35
Q

Why does the mediastinum appear widened on an x-ray of a patient with Cushing’s syndrome?

A

fat deposits

36
Q

What bone disease is often demonstrated on the x-ray of a patient with cushing’s disease?

A

Osteoporosis

37
Q

What does the thyroid gland use to synthesize thyroid hormones, and where does it get it from?

A

iodine, bloodstream

38
Q

The thyroid gland is responsible for controlling _____ metabolism

A

cellular

39
Q

What is the best modality for evaluating the thyroid gland, and why?

A

Nuclear medicine with radioactive iodine. Thyroid is predisposed to the uptake of iodine.

40
Q

What is another name for Grave’s Disease?

A

hyperthyroidism

41
Q

Metabolism is ______ as a result of hyperthyroidism

A

Sped up

42
Q

Why would a CT demonstrate exophthalmos in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

extra-ocular muscles are thickened, causing eyes to protrude and bulge.

43
Q

What would be demonstrated on nuclear imaging of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

diffuse gland enlargement

44
Q

What are 3 causes of hypothyroidism?

A

Congenital, pituitary adenoma, autoimmune

45
Q

Excessive radiation to what areas may cause hypothyroidism.

A

neck, thyroid, chest

46
Q

Metabolism is _____ in hypothyroidism

A

Slowed down.

47
Q

In an adult patient with hypothyroidism, their heart shadow may appear ______ due to ______ effusion

A

enlarged, pericardial

48
Q

An x-ray of a child with hypothyroidism may show ____ bone development, ____ skull, _____facial sinuses and mastoid air cells

A

retarded, thickened, small

49
Q

What does it mean for cancer staging if metastases are present?

A

It’s stage 4

50
Q

Metastases are primary cancers

A

False, they are secondary

51
Q

What are the most common sites for metastases?

A

Bone, liver, lung

52
Q

What 3 ways can cancer’s metastasize?

A

Seeding, lymphatic spread, bloodsystem

Radiographic Pathology (7 decks)

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