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chemistry > Reversible reactions > Flashcards

Reversible reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a reversible reaction

A

a reaction where the direction can be altered by changing the conditions

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2
Q

what is a closed system

A

where no reacting substance can enter or leave

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3
Q

what is a dynamic equilibrium

A

the state at which the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. so that the concentrations of the substances do not change

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4
Q

what is the Haber process

A

a reversible reaction where nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia for fertilisers

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5
Q

what are all the conditions needed for the haber process

A

200 atmospheres
iron catalyst
450 degrees

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6
Q

how are the reactants for the haber process found

A

nitrogen from the air
hydrogen from natural gas

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7
Q

how does increasing the temperature affect the position of the equilibria

A

moves in the direction of the endothermic reaction

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8
Q

how does increasing the pressure affect the position of the equilibria

A

moves in the direction of the fewest molecules of gas

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9
Q

how does increasing the conc of a reacting substance affect the position of the equilibria

A

moves in the direction away from the reacting substance

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10
Q

how does adding a catalyst affect the position of the equilibria

A

no change

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11
Q

how does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaching the equilibria

A

increased

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12
Q

how does increasing pressure affect the rate of reaching the equilibria

A

rate increased

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13
Q

how does increasing the conc of a reacting substance affect the rate of reaching the equilibria

A

rate increased

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14
Q

how does adding a catalyst affect the rate of reaching the equilibria

A

rate increased

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15
Q

what factor affects the conditions of an industrial process

A
  1. availability of raw materials
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16
Q

what is a fertiliser

A

a soluble substance that is added to the soil to promote the growth of plants

17
Q

what 3 substances are needed by plants for them to grow well

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
potassium

18
Q

what are 2 typical soluble compounds for nitrogen

A

nitrate or ammonium slats

19
Q

what is a typical soluble compound for phosphorus

A

phosphate salts

20
Q

what is a typical soluble compound for potassium

A

potassium salts

21
Q

how are fertilisers made in the factory

A
  • raw materials such as natural gas, air and water to make ammonia.
  • raw materials such as sulfur, air and water to make sulfuric acid
  • an will use many stages to have large-scale production
22
Q

what acid is needed to make ammonium phosphate

A

phosphoric acid

23
Q

what type of process is lab production

A

batch process

24
Q

what is a batch process

A

where only small amounts are made at a time

25
Q

what type of process in large-scale production

A

continuous process

26
Q

what is a continuous process

A

where large are made all the time

chemistry (11 decks)

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