Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?
Hypertrophic
Dilated
Restricted
What is the most common cause of death in young people?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be inherited. What type of mutation is it?
Autosomal dominant mutation of sarcomere proteins (troponin T and myosin B)
Other than familial inheritance of mutation, what are 2 other causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Exercise
Aortic stenosis
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy there is a t____ non-compliant heart which means there is impaired d____ f____
thick
diastolic filling
What happens to the cardiac output with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
It decreases due to impaired diastolic filling
How may a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present?
Sudden death
Chest pain
Palpitations
SOB
Syncope
How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosed?
Confirm with abnormal ECG
ECHO (definitive)
Genetic testing
What is the treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Beta-blockers: reduce workload by blocking affects of adrenaline. Help slow heart rate and decrease force contraction
CCBs: block calcium to relax and dilate blood vessels and reduce force of contraction and decrease workload of heart
Amiodarone: anti-arrhythmic as AFib or ventricular tachycardia can be complications
What is generally the most common type of cardiomyopathy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Autosomal dominant familial mutation to cytoskeleton gene
IHD
Alcohol: increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ROS in myocytes causes oxidation of DNA, lipids and proteins leading to cardiac dysfunction
What happens in dilated cardiomyopathy?
The cardiac walls poorly contract so there is a decreased CO
What are symptoms of cardiomyopathies?
SOB
Heart failure
AFib and thromboemboli
How is dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed?
ECG
ECHO
How is dilated cardiomyopathy treated?
Treat underlying conditions (AFib or heart failure or reduce alcohol intake)
