Renal part 3 notes

Question 1

In the nephron glomerular filtration happens then tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion and then excretion

Question 1

Will red blood cells be filtered through glomerular filtration? NO! if that happens then its a disease condition!

Question 2

___________: in the glomerulus blood plasma and dissolved substances (smaller than most proteins) get filtered into the glomerular capsule)

Answer 2

glomerular filtration

Question 3

_______________:All along the renal tubule and collecting duct, water, ions, and other substances get absorbed from the renal tubule lumen into the peritubular capillaries and ultimately into blood.

Answer 3

Tubular reabsorption

Question 4

______________: all along the renal tubule and collecting duct, substances such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions get secreted from the peritbular capillaries into the renal tubule. These substances ultimately make their way into the urine

Answer 4

Tubular secretion

Question 5

Filtration happens first in the nephron…then it becomes filtrate. This filtration goes through proximal convoluted tubule so once its filtered majority of things are reabsorbed in PCT and then it goes into the loop of Henle and then reabsorption of water which is the thin descendling limb of loop of Henle and then filtrate goes up into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and then fine tuning will happen in the collecting duct

Question 6

After glomerular filtration then tubular secretion will happen and tubular reabsorption and all those things if we sum up is urinary excretion

Question 7

Two main ways for those materials for which are filtered to be absorbed: Transcellular path and ____________

Answer 7

paracellular path

Question 8

__________goes between the cells

Answer 8

Paracellular path

Question 9

___________: passes permeability through cells and uses special transporters

Answer 9

Transcellular path

Question 10

CO2 is __________ and it can be diffused

Answer 10

lipophilic

Question 11

_________ can’t permeate or penetrate lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

Ions need a special transporter….it can be channels…it can pores and transporters

Question 13

To move certain materials we might need energy…the energy in our body that can be used is _________

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

Blood goes into from aorta and then it goes out to the vein

Question 15

Blood goes through afferent arteriole to the__________and then efferent arteriole and to peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

Answer 15

glomerulus

Question 16

Renal cortex has special osmolarity gradient which is ___________

Answer 16

300

Question 17

We have same osmolarity in renal cortex of the kidney in other words its

Answer 17

isotonic

Question 18

In medulla as it goes down it has such a high concentration gradient. If number increases what does that mean? so in other words there is more salt or ions in here so it goes up to __________mOSM so it has more ions and because of this those urine samples can be concentrated

Answer 18

1200

Question 19

After glomerular filtration the filtrate will go to to the proximal tubule…sodium ions will be reabsorbed in our body.

Bicarbonate,potassium,water,glucose,amino acids will be reabsorbed in PCT 100% of the time

Drugs like urate,oxalatae, penicilin, aspirin, morphine like be secreted

Question 20

Which loop of Henle reaborbs water?

Answer 20

Thin descending loop of Henle

Question 21

In the thick ascending loop of Henle sodium, _______, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and magnesium will be reabsorb

Answer 21

calcium

Question 22

Main features of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle: No _____can be reasborbed

There is secretion of H+

Answer 22

water

Question 23

Loop of Henle is located the _________of the kidney

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

In early distal tubule
there is reabsorption of sodium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium

Question 25

In late distal tubule and collecting duct
Reabsorption: Na+Cl-

Principal cells:
Secretion: ________

Answer 25

K+ (potassium)

Question 26

As filtrate goes through medulla area as they reach the distal tubule the osmolarity will be lower around _________mOsm/kg(((by passing those distal tubule and collecting duct again water reasborption happns why because our body wants to equilibrate the osmolarity…if its lower what shouldbe done? water should be reabsorbed so there is less water remaning and then finally osmolarity at 300)))

Answer 26

100

Question 27

Arrange the following renal structure in the correct order:
Bowman’s capsule, Distal convuluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble, thin descending limb of Loop of Henle,Thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle, and collecting duct

Answer 27

Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, thin descending limb of the loop of Henle, thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct

Question 28

_____________: high-pressure capillary filtration system located btwn the afferent and the efferent arterioles

Answer 28

Glomerulus

Question 29

___________:portion of the blood that is filtered into the capsule space

Answer 29

Filtrate

Question 30

____________-small perforations on the endothelial layer of glomerulus

Answer 30

Fenestrations

Question 31

The glomerulus has many small pores called fenestrations which allow many materials to be filtered so easily like glucose for example