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4th exam for path > Renal part 4 notes > Flashcards

Renal part 4 notes Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium (Na+), Water, and glucose are permeable into the glomerulus because they have a small molecular weight

A
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2
Q

Albumin can’t fit into the glomerulus it has a very high molecular weight

A
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3
Q

________:protein in urine

A

proteinuria

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4
Q

_______________:red blood cells in urine

A

Hematuria

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5
Q

Can hydrophilic molecules pass through the plasma membrane? No, they require special transporters

A
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6
Q

Red blood cells and plasma proteins DO NOT PASS THE CAPILLARY

A
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7
Q

_________ pressure in capsular space

A

Hydrostatic

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8
Q

If we have increase in renal blood flow (RBF), high pressure, and then we get

A

glomerular filtration rate increases

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9
Q

The afferent arterioles have diameters larger than the efferent arterioles. The great resistance in blood flow of the efferent arteriole causes blood to back up in the glomerular capillaires. This ______the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries, favoring filtration

A

increases

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10
Q

The hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule can change as a result of an obstruction such as a stone in a ureter or an enlarged prostate gland pressing on the urethra.

A
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11
Q

____________:the volume of filtrate formed each minute

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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12
Q

What is the GFR for the average adult?

A

125mL/min

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13
Q

Renin plasma flow is around _________mL/min

A

625

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14
Q

Glomerular filtration rate is regulated by the constriction and relaxation of the afferent and efferent arterioles

A
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15
Q

If afferent arteriole is constricted then there’s less renin bloodflow and less glomerular pressure and less glomerular filtration rate

A
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16
Q

If efferent arteriole is constricted then there’s a backflow into the glomerulus so glomerular pressure will increase and then glomerular filtration rate will increase

A
17
Q

Regulation of Renin blood flow

1) neural and humoral control

2)Autoregulatory mechanism

A
18
Q

Neural-sympathetic stimulation

A
19
Q

In humoral
_____________->controls vasoconstriction

A

angiotensin II

20
Q

Regulation of Renin blood flow (RBF)
Autoregulatory mechanisms:
____________:a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle on the blood vessels to relax or to constrict depending on pressure

Tubloglomerular feedback will happen between juxtaglomerular cells and _______________

A

macula densa cells

21
Q

____________ initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

22
Q

In general we have certain level of sodium within the cells and how can we transfer sodium from the tubular or lumen? By using ___________;uses energy like ATP and it will efflux or move out sodium from cell to the blood

A

Na+/K+ -adenosine ATPase pump

23
Q

Reabsorption of _________,glucose, amino acids,lactate,vitamins,
electrolytes in the PCT

A

water

24
Q

Reabsorption in PCT
Water
-Highly permeable membrane

Reabsorbtion
__________,amino acids, water soluble vitamins–>100%

Electrolytes (Na+, K+,Cl-

Glucose,amino acids,

Secretion of drugs,creatinine, NH4+

A

glucose

25
Q

Loop of Henle

______________
-Water reabsorption

A

Thin descending limb

26
Q

_____________
Impermeable to water
Reabsorption:Na+,Cl-,K+,Ca2+, Mg2+

A

Thick ascending limb

27
Q

The cotransporter involved in Na+,Cl-, K+ by ___________(NKCC2)

A

Na-K-Cl cotransporter 2

28
Q

25% of sodium will be reabsorbed in which loop of Henle

A

thick ascending loop of Henle

29
Q

Distal tubule and glomerulus interact with each other

A
30
Q

5% of sodium will be reabsorbed by sodium chloride symporter (NCC) where?

A

Distal convulted tubule (DCT)

31
Q

The purpose of cotransporters is to reabsorb sodium

A
32
Q

_____________ cells will sense the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate and then macula densa will give signal to the juxtaglomerular cells

A

macula densa

33
Q

Parathyroid hormone is next to the thyroid gland. PTH (parathyroid hormone will bind to receptor) and it will increase the calcium channels of the membrane and it faces the lumen or apical membrane. Calcium channel on the apical membrane activated and calcium will be absorbed

A
34
Q

Na+/Cl- by sodium-chlroide symporter (NCC) Ca2+ by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in DCT

___________–>Increase in Ca2+ reabsorption

A

PTH

4th exam for path (13 decks)

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