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Psychology > WINTER Chapter 15: Therapies > Flashcards

WINTER Chapter 15: Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person’s personality, behaviour, or adjustment?

A

Psychotherapy

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2
Q

What is the Freudian approach to psychotherapy emphasizing exploration of the unconscious using free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts?

A

Psychoanalysis

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3
Q

What is the psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind without censoring?

A

Free association

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4
Q

What is blockage in the flow of free association around topics the client avoids thinking or talking about?

A

Resistance

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5
Q

What is the tendency of patients to transfer to a therapist feelings that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past?

A

Transference

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6
Q

What is any therapy that stresses the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved unconscious conflicts?

A

Insight therapy

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7
Q

What is any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviors without regard for their origins, unconscious or otherwise?

A

Action therapy

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8
Q

What is any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward a resolution of his or her psychological distress?

A

Directive therapy

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9
Q

What is any therapy in which the therapist supports the client while the client gains insight into his or her own problems and their resolution?

A

Nondirective therapy

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10
Q

What is psychological treatment involving several unrelated clients?

A

Group therapy

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11
Q

What is a therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles?

A

Psychodrama

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12
Q

What is taking the role of another person to learn how one’s own behavior appears from the other person’s perspective?

A

Role reversal

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13
Q

What is observing another person reenact one’s own behavior, like a character in a play; designed to help persons see themselves more clearly?

A

Mirror technique

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14
Q

What is treatment of a group of related individuals that focuses on interpersonal dynamics and communication?

A

Family therapy

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15
Q

What is a caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client’s problems?

A

Therapeutic alliance

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16
Q

What is a therapist who has the awareness, knowledge, and skills necessary to treat clients from diverse cultural backgrounds?

A

Culturally skilled therapist

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17
Q

What is the improvement of symptoms due to the mere passage of time?

A

Spontaneous remission

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18
Q

What is the an improvement caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client’s expectation that therapy will help?

A

Therapy placebo effect

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19
Q

What is any therapy designed to actively change behaviour?

A

Behaviour therapy

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20
Q

What is the application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior?

A

Behaviour modification (applied behaviour analysis)

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21
Q

What is treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus?

A

Aversion therapy

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22
Q

What is alleviating fears and phobias (conditioned emotional responses) by using classical conditioning extinction?

A

Exposure therapy

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23
Q

What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients are exposed to the object of their fears beginning with examples that provoke the most extreme responses?

A

Flooding

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24
Q

What is a reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure to aversive stimuli?

A

Systematic desensitization

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25
Q

What is the presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another, such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

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26
Q

What is a procedure for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body?

A

Tension-release method

27
Q

What is a list of fears, arranged from least fearful to most fearful, for use in systematic desensitization?

A

Fear hierarchy

28
Q

What is the use of computer-generated images to present fear stimuli while responding to a viewer’s head movements and other input?

A

Virtual reality exposure

29
Q

What is a form of exposure therapy in which clients observe models displaying adaptive behavior toward their feared object?

A

Modeling

30
Q

What is behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers?

A

Token economy

31
Q

What is the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feeling?

A

Cognitive therapy

32
Q

What is perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities?

A

Selective perception

33
Q

What is blowing a single event out of proportion by extending it to a large number of unrelated situations?

A

Overgeneralization

34
Q

What is classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth?

A

All-or-nothing thinking

35
Q

What is any therapy that combines elements of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy?

A

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

36
Q

What is the type of treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts?

A

Rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)

37
Q

What is the use of aversive stimuli to interrupt or prevent upsetting thoughts?

A

Thought stopping

38
Q

What is insight-oriented therapies that help clients better understand themselves with the goal of maximizing their potential?

A

Humanistic therapies

39
Q

What is it when an individual being treated talks without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist?

A

Client-centered (person-centered) therapy

40
Q

What is having complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is?

A

Unconditional positive regard

41
Q

What is a capacity for taking another’s point of view; the ability to feel what another is feeling?

A

Empathy

42
Q

What is, in Carl Rogers’s terms, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feelings?

A

Authenticity

43
Q

What is, in client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so that they can become aware of what they are saying?

A

Reflection

44
Q

What is an insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices?

A

Existential therapy

45
Q

What is an approach that focuses on immediate experience and awareness to help clients rebuild thinking, feeling, and acting into connected wholes; emphasizes the integration of fragmented experiences?

A

Gestalt therapy

46
Q

What is the use of drugs to treat psychopathology?

A

Pharmacotherapy

47
Q

What are medications that may alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking associated with mental disorders?

A

Antipsychotic drugs (major tranquilizers)

48
Q

What are medications that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety?

A

Antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics or minor tranquilizers)

49
Q

What are medications that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters?

A

Antidepressant drugs

50
Q

What are medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings?

A

Mood stabilizers

51
Q

What are medications used to calm attention deficit hyperactivity disorder even though they arouse the nervous system?

A

Stimulants (as drugs to treat ADHD)

52
Q

What is treatment for severe depression in which electrical current is applied to the brain, causing a seizure?

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

53
Q

What is electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions? It is a surgical procedure is necessary to implant electrodes in the brain that allow for the stimulation.

A

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

54
Q

What is a device that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain?

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

55
Q

What is any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes?

A

Psychosurgery

56
Q

What is placing a person in a protected, therapeutic environment staffed by mental health professionals?

A

Psychiatric hospitalization

57
Q

What is the reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders?

A

Deinstitutionalization

58
Q

What is a community-based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living?

A

Halfway house

59
Q

What is a facility offering a wide range of mental health services, such as prevention, counseling, consultation, and crisis intervention?

A

Community mental health center

60
Q

What is the skilled management of a psychological emergency?

A

Crisis intervention

61
Q

What is an individual who works in a near-professional capacity under the supervision of a more highly trained person?

A

Paraprofessional

62
Q

What is any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery?

A

Somatic therapy

63
Q

What is a nonprofessional person who has learned basic counseling skills?

A

Peer counselor

64
Q

What is a group of people who share a particular type of problem and provide mutual support to one another?

A

Self-help group

Psychology (15 decks)

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