Variety of Living Organisms Pg4,5 Flashcards
Describe the features of PLANT cells
They are eukaryotic
They are multicellular
They have a nucleus
They have chromosomes in the nucleus
They have cell wall made up of cellulose
They can photosynthesise as they have chloroplasts
They get energy from photosynthesis
They don’t have nervous coordination
They store carbohydrates as starch
e.g Peas, Maize
Describe the features of ANIMAL cells
They are eukaryotic
They are multicellular
They have a nucleus
They have chromosomes in the nucleus
They don’t have a cell wall
They don’t have chloroplasts so they can’t photosynthesise
They feed as heterotrophs - must take in organic molecules
They have nervous coordination
They store carbohydrates as glycogen
e.g Humans, Mosquitoes
Describe the features of FUNGI cells
They are eukaryotic
There body structure is mycelium which is made from thread-like hyphae or single celled
They have a nucleus (often have many nuclei in hyphae)
They have chromosomes in nucleus
They have cell walls made of chitin
They don’t have chloroplasts so they can’t photosynthesise
Feed by saprotrophic nutrition - excretes extra-cellular digestive enzymes and absorbs the soluble organic products
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
They don’t have nervous coordination
e.g Yeast (unicellular fungi), Mucor (Multicellular fungi, has a mycelium and hyphae
Describe the features of BACTERIA cells
They are prokaryotic
They are single celled
They don’t have a nucleus
They have circular chromosomes and plasmids in the cytoplasm
They have cell walls made of murein
They don’t have chloroplasts so they cannot photosynthesise
Some feed by photosynthesis as they contain photosynthetic pigments, others feed off living or dead material
They store carbohydrates as glycogen
They don’t have nervous coordination
e.g Lactobacillus bulgaricus (used to make yoghurt), Pneumococcus (causes Pneumonia)
Describe the features of PROTOCTIST cells
They are eukaryotic
They are mostly single celled
They have a nucleus
They have chromosomes in the nucleus
Some have cell walls, some don’t
Some have chloroplasts and can photosynthesise, some don’t
Some get energy off photosynthesis, others feed on living or dead material
Store carbohydrates as glycogen
They don’t have nervous coordination
e.g Chlorella (plant-like cell), Amoeba (animal-like cell), Plasmodium (causes malaria)
Describe the features of VIRUS’
They are NOT cells
They are small particles made up of a protein coat and genetic material
They don’t have a nucleus
They have either DNA or RNA present (not both)
They don’t have cell walls
They don’t have chloroplasts so they can’t photosynthesise
They do not feed - take over living cells for raw materials
They don’t store carbohydrates
They don’t have nervous coordination
e.g Tobacco virus (makes leaves of tobacco plants discoloured by stopping them from producing chloroplasts), Influenza (causes the flu), HIV (causes aids)
