Behavioral Therapy

Question 1

Behavioral Therapy

Answer 1

Learning occurs when there is either positive or negative reinforcement.

Question 2

Behavioral Therapy Treatment

Answer 2

Social skills, assertiveness training, self-control exercises and performance-based techniques (like behavior modification programs.)

Question 3

4 Types of Behavioral Therapy

Answer 3

1. Applied Behavior Analysis
2. Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response
3. Social Learning Theory
4. Cognitive Behavior Modification

Question 4

Applied Behavior Analysis

Answer 4

Sees behavior as a function of its consequence. Uses behavior modification techniques of stimulus control, reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

Question 5

Neuro-Behavioristic Stimulus Response Therapy

Answer 5

Systematic desensitization and conditioning, extinguishing causes of anxiety.

Question 6

Social Learning Theory

Answer 6

Behaviors, cognitive processes, and the environment work together to influence behavior. Stresses mediation, external stimuli, and external reinforcement. Client determines which behaviors to change.

Question 7

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Answer 7

Cognitive restructuring. Emphasis is on altering irrational ideas, perceptions, and interpretations of individuals experiences.

Question 8

Behavioral Learning Theory

Answer 8

Focuses on identifiable, observable behaviors. To explain personality development, behaviorists aim to describe how people think, perceive, and learn. 3 approaches (contiguity theory, classical theory, operant theory).

Question 9

Contiguity Theory

Answer 9

Guthrie, Any combo of stimulus combined with a response is associated. Learning occurs in a single trial. Interference is the reason for forgetting information or behavior.

Question 10

Classical Conditioning

Answer 10

Pavlov’s dogs, conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response. Used to treat phobias, anxieties, and aberrant behavior.

Question 11

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 11

A conditioned stimulus is repeated along with another like stimulus until the latter alone produces the response.

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

A conditioned response fades over time as a conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned, natural stimulus.

Question 13

Counter conditioning

Answer 13

A conditioned stimulus is coupled with another stimulus to evoke a response contrary to that produced by the original stimulus.

Question 14

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 14

To treat anxiety, joined relaxation with an anxiety-causing stimulus to render the stimulus harmless.

Question 15

Operant Conditioning

Answer 15

Using consequences to alter the form and frequency of behavior, focusing on modifying voluntary behavior.

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

A consequence or procedure that increase the frequency of a behavior immediately preceding the consequence or procedure.

Question 17

Punishment

Answer 17

The presentation of an aversive behavior or event or the removal of a positive reinforcer that causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.

Question 18

Extinction

Answer 18

The stopping of a behavior because the reinforcement is no longer effective.

Question 19

Fixed interval

Answer 19

Reinforcement is repeated at timely intervals (ex: every 10 seconds.)

Question 20

Variable interval

Answer 20

Reinforcement interval changes (2 seconds, then 7, then 4)

Question 21

Fixed ratio

Answer 21

Reinforcement occurs at fixed response intervals (every 5th response)

Question 22

Variable ratio

Answer 22

Rate tied to the number of responses

Question 23

Satiation

Answer 23

Individual is not hungry for the stimulant.

Question 24

Immediacy

Answer 24

Closeness in time that feedback is given to a response, the more immediate, the better the response.

Question 25

Contingency

Answer 25

Schedule of reinforcement or level of consistency of delivery of the consequence following the behavior over time. If consistent and immediate, effectiveness is high.

Question 26

Size

Answer 26

refers to the determination an individual makes about a consequence (+ or -) - whether the behavior is worth the effort.

Question 27

Token Economy

Answer 27

Rewards desired behaviors with tokens that can be saved and traded for another reinforcement.

Question 28

Shaping

Answer 28

Used to encourage specific behavior by rewarding actions that come closer to the desired behavior.

Question 29

Differential Reinforcement

Answer 29

Combines extinction of unwanted behavior with positive reinforcement for desired behavior.

Question 30

Vicarious conditioning

Answer 30

Learning by observing another’s experience with classical conditioning.

Question 31

Primary Vicarious Conditioning

Answer 31

Occurs when an observer sees the model’s behavior reinforced then performs the same behavior.

Question 32

Secondary vicarious conditioning

Answer 32

Occurs when symbolic representations of behavior and its consequences are absorbed through reading, looking at other images, or from a verbalized description.

Question 33

Avoidance Learning

Answer 33

Form of learning that seeks to stop an aversive stimulus or unpleasant situation by engaging the new or learned behavior.

Question 34

Noncontingent Reinforcement

Answer 34

Delivery of a reinforcing stimulus on a response-independent basis.