Biology 3

Question 1

function of digestive system

Answer 1

digest food into simple components for absorption and energy usage

Question 2

mechanical vs chemical digestion

Answer 2

m: chewing, stomach churning
c: breakdown of bonds through the use of enzymes

Question 3

function of liver

Answer 3

creates bile, filters blood, stores glycogen

Question 4

function of gallbladder

Answer 4

stores bile

Question 5

function of small intestine

Answer 5

continues nutrient breakdown, nutrient absorption

Question 6

function of pancreas

Answer 6

cells secrete glucagon
B cells secrete insulin

Question 7

carbohydrates (breakdown and absorption)

Answer 7

breakdown begins in mouth (amylase), continues in the stomach, and absorption occurs in the small intestine

Question 8

proteins (breakdown and absorption)

Answer 8

breakdown begins in the stomach (pepsin) and absorption occurs in the small intestine

Question 9

lipids (breakdown and absorption)

Answer 9

breakdown begins in the small intestine, and lipids are absorbed into the lacteals

Question 10

what does the immune system do

Answer 10

protects body from foreign pathogens

Question 11

where do B lymphocytes form? where do they mature?

Answer 11

form and mature in bone marrow

Question 12

where do T lymphocytes form? where do they mature?

Answer 12

form in bone marrow and mature in thymus

Question 13

what does the bone marrow do

Answer 13

act as the site of erythrocyte and leukocyte production

Question 14

what does the thymus do

Answer 14

site of t cell maturation

Question 15

what does the spleen do

Answer 15

filters blood

Question 16

what do lymph nodes do

Answer 16

high concentration of B/T cells, filter blood

Question 17

innate immunity

Answer 17

present from birth, NON-SPECIFIC
ex. fever, inflammation, stomach acid

Question 18

acquired immunity includes what two kinds of immunities

Answer 18

humoral/b-cell/antibody mediated
cell-mediated/t-cell

Question 19

function of phosphatase

Answer 19

remove phosphate group

Question 20

function of phosphorylase

Answer 20

add phosphate group

Question 21

function of kinase

Answer 21

enzymes that modify protein targets by the transfer of (add) phosphate groups

Question 22

function of transferase

Answer 22

enzymes that catalyze the transfer of functional groups between molecules

Question 23

function of decarboxylase

Answer 23

removal of a carbon from the carbon chain

Question 24

function of dehydrogenases

Answer 24

enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions

Question 25

what is an ionophore

Answer 25

compounds that bind to ions and facilitate their movements across membranes

Question 26

ion exchange chromatography

Answer 26

separate proteins based on charge

Question 27

gel filtration

Answer 27

separate proteins based on size

Question 28

if there is a X-linked disease, will daughters inherit it or sons

Answer 28

sons will inherit 100% of it bc dudes only have 1 X chromosome so they have no choice
daughters can inherit 1 X from mom and 1 from dad, so if a disease is recessive then they won’t get it but if it is not then they will

Question 29

Keq > 1, is the reaction exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 29

exergonic

Question 30

Keq < 1, is the reaction exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 30

endergonic

Question 31

if you want the reaction to be kinetically fast, should the activation energy be high or low

Answer 31

low

Question 32

what do pancreatic beta cells secrete? how about pancreatic alpha cells?

Answer 32

alpha: glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels
beta: Insulin is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels

Question 33

hypothalamus

Answer 33

regulates the body’s homeostasis and stimulates productions of hormones

Question 34

thalamus

Answer 34

retrieves sensory information. It conveys information about movement and senses to the cortex.

Question 35

what is the primary enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of fats in the small intestine

Answer 35

pancreatic lipase

Question 36

which nitrogenous base is the heaviest? lightest?

Answer 36

heaviest is guanine
lightest is cytosine

Question 37

myopia

Answer 37

nearsightedness

Question 38

hyperopia

Answer 38

farsightedness (think: a person that is hyper will go far)

Question 39

what lens is needed to fix myopia

Answer 39

think: My Diving Cave is Near
myopia needs diverging/concave
creates virtual upright images

Question 40

what lens is needed to fix hyperopia

Answer 40

convex aka converging
creates real inverted images