Disorders of metablosm Flashcards
- Osteoporosis is now thought to be occurring due to
(a) Lack of bone matrix
(b) Deficiency of calcitonin
(c) Deficiency of parathyroid hormone
(d) Long-term negative calcium balance
(d) Once thought to be due to lack of adequate bone matrix,
osteoporosis is now believed to be due to long-term negative
calcium balance. The skeletal mass at old age is proportional
to that of maturity. Thus calcium intake at infancy and
childhood may play a significant role in occurrence and
severity of osteoporosis in old age
- The recommended daily allowance of calcium for children and
adults is
(a) 600 mg
(b) 800 mg
(c) 900 mg
(d) 500 mg
(b) The RDA for infants is 360 mg, while it is 800 mg for children
as well as adults. However, adolescents, pregnant and
lactating women need to increase their daily intake to about
1200 mg
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a multiorgan disorder resulting
from deficiency of
(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Magnesium
(d) Fluoride
(b) It is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from faulty
zinc absorption and is manifested as diarrhea, vesicles,
eczematoid plaques, alopecia, stomatitis and glossitis
- Excessive accumulation of intracellular mucoploysaccharide
including fibroblasts leading to formation of “gargoyle cells” is
seen in
(a) Hurler syndrome
(b) Gaucher disease
(c) Hereditary fructose intolerance
(d) Niemann-Pick disease
(a) It is an autosomal recessive disorder and is characterized
by an increased mucopolysaccharide excretion in urine.
It is clinically manifested by prominent forehead, saddle
nose, hypertelorism, puffy eyelids, bushy eyebrows, thick
lips, large tongue, open mouth and noisy breathing due to
nasal congestion.
- Calcium does not play a significant role in which of the following
bodily functions?
(a) Regulation of body temperature
(b) Formation of bones and teeth
(c) Acts as secondary/tertiary messenger in hormone action
(d) Nerve conduction
(a) Calcium plays an important role in teeth and bone
formation, in the maintenance of skeletal and teeth
framework, normal membrane permeability, normal heart
rhythm, neuromuscular excitability, in blood coagulation,
muscle contraction and as secondary/tertiary messenger
in hormone action
- The lowest turnover rates of phosphorus in the human body is
in
(a) Intestines
(b) Bones and teeth
(c) Kidney
(d) Cell membranes
(b) There are multiple pools of phosphorus having different
turnover rates of which bones and teeth have lowest. A
major portion of phosphorus is incorporated into organic
phosphorus compounds like nucleic acids, phospholipids
of cell membranes, etc.
- Radiological evidence of “Erlenmeyer flask” deformity of distal
femur is an early skeletal change seen in
(a) Lipoid proteinosis
(b) Gaucher’s disease
(c) Kwashiorkor
(d) Cushing’s disease
(b) Gaucher’s disease is a lysosomal storage disease characterized
by deposition of glucocerebroside in the cells of macrophagemonocyte system.
- Which hormone is responsible for regulation of phosphate levels
in blood?
(a) Calcitonin
(b) Insulin
(c) Parathormone
(d) Alkaline phosphatase
(c) The blood levels of phosphorus are maintained by various
factors such as parathormone, phosphatase activity and
vitamin D.
- All except __________ are causes of hypophosphatemia.
(a) Rickets and osteomalacia
(b) Increased excretion due to diuretics, etc.
(c) Ischemic heart disease
(d) Decreased intake due to malabsorption, vomiting, etc.
(c) Normally, phosphate deficiency is nonexistent in man.
However, long-term antacid use will render phosphate
unabsorbable. Other causes of hypophosphatemia are
rickets, osteomalacia, decreased intake, increased cellular
uptake (carbohydrate rich diets), liver disease and increased
excretion due to diuretics or increased parathormone
levels
- Over half of all the body store of magnesium is found in
(a) Bones
(b) Teeth
(c) Muscles
(d) Liver
(a) More than half of magnesium is stored in bones and one
quarter in muscles. Remainder of magnesium is stored in
liver, pancreas, RBCs, serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
- Calcinosis cutis is the presence of calcification in
(a) Liver
(b) Brain
(c) Heart
(d) Skin
(d) In calcinosis cutis, there is formation of calcium carbonate
nodules in skin, surrounded by a foreign body giant cell
reaction. Similar nodules elsewhere in the soft tissues are
called calcinosis universalis
- Metastatic calcification is most commonly seen in
(a) Hyperkalemia
(b) Hyperparathyroidism
(c) Osteoporosis
(d) Pulp stones
(b) Metastatic calcification refers to deposition of calcium
in previously undamaged tissues and is most commonly
observed in hyperparathyroidism and hypervitaminosis
D.
- Hyperkalemia refers to increased _______ levels in blood.
(a) Potassium
(b) Sodium
(c) Fluorine
(d) Lead
(a) Hyperkalemia may result from excessive tissue breakdown,
adrenal insufficiency, advanced dehydration or over dosage
of potassium.
- Which one of the following special stains is utilized to demonstrate
amyloid?
(a) PAS
(b) Perls’ Prussian blue
(c) Alcian blue
(d) Congo red
(d) Abnormal proteinaceous substance deposited in between
cells within the tissues and organs is called amyloidosis.
It is deposited in a variety of clinical disorders. It is seen
as intercellular pink, translucent material by H and E
staining, while a special stain called Congo red is also used
to demonstrate it.
- A reddish/brownish pigmentation of teeth along with
photosensitivity and excretion of reddish-colored urine is
characteristic of
(a) Sideropenic dysphagia
(b) Kwashiorkor
(c) Congenital porphyria
d) Amyloidosis
(c) It is a non sex-linked recessive disorder with both sexes
equally affected. Its first manifestation is excretion of red
urine containing uroporphyrin at birth or within first year.
Photosensitivity and vesiculobullous eruptions on exposed
parts of body occur later.