HA SEMI REVIEW Flashcards
What is the normal range range of heart for adults
60-100
What does S1 heart sound represent
Closure of AV valves
Which auscultation location is best for hearing the S2 sound
Base
Which valve closure is associated with the first heart sound
tricuspid and mitral
Develop a plan to evaluate a patient’s cardiac function using jugular venous pulse. What should be the primary focus?
A. check pulse regularity
B. observe for distention
C. measure pulse rate
D. assess pulse amplitude
B. observe for distention
Where is the point of maximal impulse typically located?
A. left 5th intercostal space at mcl
B. right 2nd intercostal space ate sternal border
C. left 2nd intercostal space at mcl
D. right 6th intercostal space at mcl
A. left 5th intercostal space at mcl
What does a split S2 sound indicate during auscultation?
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis
Respiratory variations in intrathoracic pressure
mitral regurgitation
Pulmonic stenosis
How should a nurse check for the presence of S3 sound?
A. during deep inspiration
B. with the patient sitting upright
C. after exercise
D. While patient is in the left lateral decubilitis position
B. with the patient sitting upright
Which condition is most likely indicated by a laterally displaced apical impulse
A. Aortic regurgitation
B. Pulmonic stenosis
C. Ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial fibrillation
C. Ventricular hypertrophy
Assessing the intensity of the heart’s apical impulse can help in diagnosing which of the following conditions?
A. Pulmonary hypertension
B. right ventricular hypertrophy
C. left ventricular hypertrophy
D. Atrial septic defect
C. left ventricular hypertrophy
Design an examination sequence to identify abnormalities in the carotid artery. What would be the first step?
A. palpation of artery
B. auscultate for bruits
C. visual inspection for pulsation
D. checking bilateral symmetry in pulse
B. auscultate for bruits
What does the presence of an S4 heart sound typically suggest
A. Healthy heart function
B. Decreased myocardial contractivity
C. Non compliance of ventricles during atrial contraction
D. rapid ventricular filling
C. Non compliance of ventricles during atrial contraction
How does the jugular venous pulse reflect the function of the right side of the heart?
A. indicating systemic arterial pressure
B. showing ventricular contraction efficiency
C. monitoring changes in right atrial pressure
D. reflecting left ventricular ejection fraction
C. monitoring changes in right atrial pressure
What sound is characterized as a high pitched, musical noise during expiration?
Wheeze
Crackles are caused by what pysiological condition in the lungs
a. narrowed airways
b. goblet cells produced mucus
c. vibration of vocal cords
d. friction between pleural layers
b. goblet cells produced mucus
In which scenarion would you expect to expect to find decreased tactile fremitus
a. pneumonia
b. pleural effusion
c. pulmonary edema
d. bronchial obstruction
b. pleural effusion
Differentiate between the sounds of fine and coarse crackles. Which statement is true?
A. fine crackles are lower pitched and less brief than coarse crackles
B. Coarse crackles are softer and shorter in duration than fine crackles
C) Course crackles are high-pitched and short, while fine crackles are
low pitched and longer.
D) Coarse crackles are high pitched and occur during expiration
B. Coarse crackles are softer and shorter in duration than fine crackles
Assessing a patient with pectus excavatum, what potential respiratory impact should you consider?
A) Increased lung capacity
B) Decreased risk of respiratory infections
C) Reduced thoracic cavity space affecting lung expansion
D) Enhanced diaphragmatic movement
C. Reduced thoracic cavity space affecting lung expansion
Design an assessment strategy for a patient presenting with egophony. What would be your first step?
A) Ask the patient to whisper a phrase and listen with a stethoscope.
B) Have the patient say “Eee’ while auscultating the chest
C) Perform percussion to find areas of dullness
D) Check tor nasal flaring and use of accessory muscles
B) Have the patient say “Eee’ while auscultating the chest
Which condition is typically associated with stridor?
A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B. Asthma
C. Pneumonia
D. pulmonary fibrosis
A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Bronchophony is characterized by which of the following?
A) A whispered phrase heard clearly through auscultation
B) Normal breath sounds
C) Louder and clearer voice sounds through ausculation
D) Decreased vocal resonance
D) Decreased vocal resonance
How should you perform a tactile fremitus examination?
A) Ask the patient to breathe normally while palpating the chest with flat hands
B) Have the patient say “ninety nine” while palpating the chest wall.
C) Use the fingertips to tap on the chest while the patient holds their breath
D) Listen with a stethoscope while the patient coughs
A) Ask the patient to breathe normally while palpating the chest with flat hands
What does a finding of pectus carinatum suggest about the structural aspects of the thorax?
A) The sternum is indented
B) There is a lateral curvature of the spine.
C) The sternum protrudes outward
D) The rib cage in asymmetically developed.
C) The sternum protrudes outward
When hearing coarse crackles during auscultation, what should be considered as a likely cause?
A) Dry airways
B) Early heart failure
C) Pulmonary edema or pneumonia.
0) Vocal cord dysfunction
C) Pulmonary edema or pneumonia.
Which sound is associated with the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves?
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4
a. S1
What type of breath sound is typically expected over most of the lung fields?
A. bronchial
B. Bronchovesicular
C. vesicular
D. Tracheal
C. vesicular
Egophony is considered a sign of what underlying lung condition when ‘E” sounds like ‘A”?
A. asthma
B. pneumothorax
C. Lung consolidation
D. Pleural effusion
C. Lung consolidation