THE 'FINAL SOLUTION' Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT were the actions towards Jewish people 1940-41?

A

Confused and uncontrolled. There was a mix of mass killings, ghettoisation and deportations

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2
Q

WHEN was the Wannsee Conference?

A

January 1942

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3
Q

WHAT was the Wannsee Conference?

A

A meeting to inform senior bureaucrats of their roles in implementing the decision to murder Jewish people in Europe (not the occasion where the decision was made)

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4
Q

WHO was involved in the Wannsee Conference?

A
  • 15 high-ranking Nazi officials
  • Reinhard Heydrich was chairman
  • Hitler and Himmler were not in attendance
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5
Q

WHAT were the consequences of the Wannsee Conference?

A

Jewish people were now to be deported to specific areas where there was an organised camp system, accelerating the mass killings

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6
Q

WHAT was Operation Reinhard?

A

The codename for the plan to murder all Jewish people in Poland, using death camps.

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7
Q

HOW did the war turning against Germany affect the pace of the Nazi’s mass killings?

A

It accelerated the murder, the Nazis giving them a higher priority over military needs.

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8
Q

WHEN did the Nazis start to shut down and conceal the mass killings?

A

November 1944, when the Soviets were advancing deep into Poland

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9
Q

WHEN was the liberation of Auschwitz?

A

January 1945

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10
Q

WHAT was the first established killing centre in Poland and WHEN was it set up?

A

Chelmno was the first established and it was created in December 1941

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11
Q

WHAT are some examples of death camps in Poland?

A

Chelmno, Belzec, Treblinka and Auschwitz

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12
Q

HOW MANY people were murdered in Treblinka death camp?

A

Almost a million

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13
Q

WHEN was Auschwitz established as a major killing centre?

A

1943

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14
Q

WHAT was the significance of Auschwitz death camp?

A
  • Became the hub of the Nazi killing machine
  • From 1943, most other camps weere shut down and people were to be transported to Auschwitz instead
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15
Q

WHAT fraction of Holocaust victims died in Auschwitz?

A

1/5

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16
Q

WHAT are some ways that Jewish people resisted the Nazis during the Holocaust?

A
  • Groups of partisan fighters across Eastern Europe worked to sabotage German occupiers
  • Revolts in ghettos and camps
  • A network of Jewish organisations smuggled details of the mass killings to the Allies
17
Q

WHO were the Bielski brothers?

A

Partisan fighters who created a resistance group during the war, housing Jewish escapees and leading sabotage missions against Nazi forces

18
Q

WHAT is an example of Jewish resistance in a ghetto?

A

A large rising took place in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943, lasting several months. The Nazis had to used significant force to crush it.

19
Q

WHAT is an example of Jewish resistance in Auschwitz?

A

In 1944, Jewish prisoners blew up Crematorium 4

20
Q

WHY did the news of the mass murders reaching the Allies during the war have little effect on the Holocaust?

A
  • Western governments found it difficult to take in the full horror
  • It wass difficult to take practical action against it
21
Q

WHEN did the death marches begin?

A

Autumn 1944

22
Q

HOW MANY people are thought to have died on the death marches?

A

250,000 - 400,000

23
Q

WHY were the death marches so horrific?

A
  • They occurred during the freezing winter
  • People were already malnourished from the camps
  • Many died of illness/exhaustion
24
Q

WHAT is the intentionalist debate for the Holocaust?

A
  • Hitler was motivated from the start
  • All Germans either supported his anti-Semitic ideas or were incapable of opposing them due to terror/intimidation
25
Q

WHAT is the problem with the intentionalist debate regarding the Holocaust?

A

It is too simplistic: Hitler was not an all-powerful dictator, the terror system was not effective enough to crush all opposition and thousands were involved in the mass killings.

26
Q

WHAT is the structuralist debate for the Holocaust?

A
  • Millions of ordinary people were involved in acts of persecution, deportation and killings
  • Overlapping centres of power meant that men like Himmler and Heydrich significantly shaped the mass murders