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GERMANY > PROPAGANDA > Flashcards

PROPAGANDA Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT percentage of German households had a radio by 1939?

A

70%

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2
Q

WHEN did all German radio stations fall under the control of the Propaganda Ministry?

A

1934

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3
Q

HOW did the Nazis use radio?

A
  • Hitler talked directly to the German people in speeches
  • The cheap sale of radios was encouraged by Goebbels
  • Radio workers were purged on racial/political grounds.
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4
Q

Approximately HOW MANY people were involved in the 1937 Nuremberg rally?

A

100,000 people

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5
Q

HOW did the Nazis use parades/spectacles?

A
  • The theatrical element was used to grab attention
  • Noncompliance could result in being labelled ‘politically unreliable’
  • Parades were used as visual proof that the people supported Nazism
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6
Q

HOW MANY daily Nazi newspapers were there in 1933?

A

27

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7
Q

HOW did the Decree for the Protection of the People and the State (Reichstag Fire Decree) affect newspapers?

A

Socialist and communist newspapers were closed down

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8
Q

HOW did the Nazis use newspapers?

A
  • They bought up newspapers to use for propaganda
  • News agencies (which provided the press with information) were merged into one state-controlled organisation
  • All newspapers became bland and conformist
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9
Q

HOW MANY feature films were produced in Germany under the Nazis?

A

Over 1000

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10
Q

By HOW MUCH did cinema attendance increase under the Nazis?

A

It quadrupled

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11
Q

WHAT were some common themes of Nazi films?

A
  • The glorification of leadership
  • The idea of ‘blood and soil’ (relationship between race and land)
  • Demonising Jewish people and communists
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12
Q

HOW did the Nazis use film?

A
  • Reinforced prejudices through subliminal messages
  • Goebbels had to approve every film made in Germany after 1933
  • Most American films were banned
  • Pacifist films were banned
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13
Q

HOW MANY books were burnt by students in Berlin 1933?

A

20,000

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14
Q

WHEN/with WHO was propaganda most effective?

A
  • With young people who had less strongly formed opinions
  • When their ideas overlapped with existing views (e.g. the elite already believed in order and were anti-democratic, and the middle class already hated communism)
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15
Q

WHEN was propaganda less effective?

A

When it challenged deeply held beliefs like religion

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16
Q

WHY must judgements on the effectiveness of propaganda always be tentative?

A

Official reports or plebiscites can’t be regarded as true evidence as nothing was free under the Nazis.

17
Q

WHO came up with the idea of the Hitler Myth and WHEN?

A

Ian Kershaw (1987) in his book of the same name

18
Q

WHAT was the Hitler Myth?

A

It presented Hitler as unlike other politicians, as a ‘man of the people,’ and as the man solely responsible for all major successes of the government (and fixing all Germany’s problems from 1933)

19
Q

WHY was the Hitler Myth so effective?

A

Many of Hitler’s ‘strengths’ and popularity stemmed from a reaction to the weaknesses of Weimar and the German people’s emotional need for a strong (authoritarian) government.

20
Q

WHAT was the reality of Hitler, compared to the myth?

A
  • Hitler wasn’t very involved in decision-making in reality
  • He also did not work hard and his officials often had great difficulty in getting him to make decisions
21
Q

WHAT were the successful effects of the Hitler Myth?

A
  • Hitler had great personal popularity by the late 1930s
  • The German people were brought together under him
  • Minor party leaders could take the blame for the system’s failings, rather than Hitler
22
Q

WHAT were the failures of the Hitler Myth?

A
  • The personalised system led to the decline of the Third Reich as all Hitler’s ideas were made into law, even when they were morally wrong
  • Hitler started to believe the myth himself, moving away from being a calculating opportunist
  • The myth couldn’t continue after the military failures of the 1940s
23
Q

WHEN was the Propaganda Ministry set up?

A

1933

24
Q

WHAT was the Reich Chamber of Culture?

A

An organisation in charge of press, radio, film, literature, theatre, music, and fine art. All involved in cultural activities had to be a member of the Chamber.

25
Q

WHAT was the ‘people’s receiver’?

A

A subsidised basic radio that only had one station and a limited range

26
Q

WHAT were 2 major art exhibitions in Munich 1937?

A

The Exhibition of Great German Art and The Exhibition of Degenerate Art (the Exhibition of Degenerate Art had over 3 times more attendees that the opposite exhibition)

27
Q

HOW did the Nazis use architecture?

A
  • Lasting materials were used to represent the Thousand Year Reich
  • Nazi architecture was used to show authority over the people, and the unity of the people who had built them
  • Traditional materials were popular

GERMANY (26 decks)

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