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GERMANY > NAZI SOCIAL POLICY > Flashcards

NAZI SOCIAL POLICY Flashcards

1
Q

WHEN was the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service passed?

A

1933

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2
Q

WHAT did the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service do?

A

Dismissed Jewish and ‘politically unreliable’ teachers from schools and universities.

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3
Q

WHAT are the names of organisations students and teachers were forced to join under the Nazis?

A
  • National Socialist Teachers’ League (NSLB)
  • German Students’ League (DS)
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4
Q

WHEN was compulsory membership for Nazi youth organisations introduced?

A

1939

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5
Q

HOW was the value of work emphasised to young people under the Nazis?

A

Male students were forced to do 4 months’ labour service and 2 months in SA camp. Young women had to do 1 year of unpaid work in the Reich Labour Service before they could be paid in employment.

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6
Q

WHEN did the vetting of school textbooks begin under the Nazis?

A

1933

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7
Q

WHEN did the Ministry of Education start sending central directives to schools?

A

1935

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8
Q

WHAT were some key topics on the curriculum under the Nazis?

A
  • Physical education with military-style drills
  • German lessons included studying the Nordic sagas and other traditional stories
  • Biology lessons stressed race and heritage (ideas about evolution and Darwinism)
  • Geography taught the idea of Lebensraum and German racial superiority
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9
Q

WHEN was the Hitler Youth created?

A

1926

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10
Q

From 1933, WHAT other youth groups existed, excluding Nazi organisations?

A

All other youth groups had been banned, except those associated with the Catholic Church

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11
Q

WHAT values were important to the Hitler Youth?

A

Struggle, sacrifice, loyalty, and discipline

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12
Q

HOW did levels of enthusiasm for the Hitler Youth change through the 1930s?

A

In the beginning it was widely popular, and many saw it as a source of rebellion against their parents. However, as it became more bureaucratic and rigid, enthusiasm began to wane and attendance began to decline

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13
Q

WHAT was the position of universities in Nazi Germany?

A

The importance of academic education was downgraded and university attendance almost halved in size from 1933-39. However, by the 1940s, the demand for people with a specialist education became apparent.

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14
Q

HOW popular was the German Students’ League (DS)?

A

Even though it was compulsory, 25% of students managed to avoid joining the organisation.

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15
Q

WHAT are some examples of group activities in the BDM?

A
  • Weekly ‘home evenings’ which taught handicrafts, sewing, cooking, as well as political and racial education
  • Faith and Beauty groups instructed on baby care and social skills like dancing
  • Gymnastics and dancing
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16
Q

HOW popular was the BDM?

A

Many girls found the group liberating as they were able to escape the home to do things their mothers had never been able to do.

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17
Q

HOW MANY 10-18 year olds were members of a Nazi Youth movement by 1941?

A

Around 7 million of the total 9 million 10-18 year olds in Germany

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18
Q

WHAT are some examples of Hitler Youth Paramilitary formations?

A
  • The Flieger-HJ (aviation)
  • The Motor-HJ (driving)
  • Marine-HJ (naval)
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19
Q

WHAT was the name of the Hitler Youth division of the German army and WHEN was it established?

A

The 12th SS-Panzer Division Hitlerjugend (established in 1943)

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20
Q

WHAT are some examples of new Nazi schools?

A
  • NAPOLAs
  • Adolf Hitler Schools
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21
Q

WHAT were NAPOLAs?

A

Nazi schools for boys aged 10-18 which was run by SS and had a great focus on physical education

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22
Q

WHAT were Adolf Hitler Schools?

A

Nazi schools for children aged 12-18 that trained young people for leadership

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23
Q

WHAT is an aspect of the Nazis schools which shows they were less successful?

A

Nazi leaders didn’t send their own kids to the Adolf Hitler Schools, indicating a lack of popularity.

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24
Q

WHAT was the motto for women in Nazi Germany?

A

Kinder, Kirche, Kuche (Children, Church, Kitchen)

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25
Q

WHEN was the Mother’s Cross scheme established?

A

1938

26
Q

HOW MANY children were needed to win a gold Mother’s Cross?

A

8 or more

27
Q

HOW MANY Mother’s Cross medals were awarded in 1939?

A

3 million

28
Q

WHAT were marriage loans in Nazi Germany?

A

1,000 Reichsmarks loans (9 months’ wages) given to newly married couples. For each child, the couple would be allowed to keep 25% of the loan. Working women were unable to accept the loan

29
Q

To WHAT extent were Nazi policies on employed women successful?

A

They were largely unsuccessful as the number of women in every sector increased in the years 1933-1939. The economic realities of the 1930s overruled Nazi ideology

30
Q

By HOW MUCH did the birth rate increase from 1933-39?

A

By over 1/3

31
Q

To WHAT extent can the increasing birth rate be credited to the Nazis’ actions?

A

While there was a large increase in the birth rate, this may have been due to the improving economy, rather than Nazi policy

32
Q

WHAT was the DFW?

A

The German Women’s League: a Nazi women’s organisation which advised women on cooking, healthy eating, etc. and coordinated all Nazi women’s groups

33
Q

HOW MANY members did the Nazi Women’s League (DFW) have by 1939?

A

6 million

34
Q

WHAT were some women’s organisations in Nazi Germany?

A
  • The German Women’s League (DFW)
  • The National Socialist Women’s Organisation (NS-F)
  • The Reich Mother’s Service (RMD)
35
Q

WHAT are some successes of the DAF (German Labour Front)?

A
  • Largest organisation in the Reich
  • Provided its own employment (44,500 paid employees by 1939)
  • Coordinated popular schemes like the KdF
36
Q

WHAT was the KdF?

A

Strength Through Joy: Nazi scheme under the DAF which organised workers’ leisure time (provided them with leisure opportunities like subsidised holidays). It also encouraged physical exercise, competition and ambition

37
Q

HOW MANY members did the KdF have by 1936?

A

35 million

38
Q

WHAT are some success of the KdF?

A
  • It was valued by workers and it helped to reconcile people to the regime
  • Provided its own employment (7,000 paid employees by 1939)
39
Q

WHAT is a failure of the KdF?

A

Some events, like its cruises, were too expensive for ordinary workers, and they mostly benefitted the middle classes

40
Q

WHAT was the SdA?

A

Beauty of Labour: Nazi scheme under the DAF which was devoted to improving workplace conditions, aiming for improved productivity among workers through this.

41
Q

HOW MANY companies did the SdA claim to have improved by 1938?

A

34,000

42
Q

WHAT are some failures of the SdA?

A

Workers were expected to bear most of the cost of thes improvements and companies expected them to carry it out in their own time

43
Q

WHAT was Winterhilfe?

A

A Nazi scheme which encouraged the community to donate food, clothing, coal, etc. It wasn’t compulsory but those who didn’t contribute would be publicly shamed.

44
Q

WHAT was Eintoph?

A

‘One pot’ meal: a Nazi scheme which encouraged this smaller meal on a Sunday each month (basically rationing) to give money to those in need

45
Q

WHO was Ludwig Muller?

A

The Reich Bishop (leader of the Protestant Nazi Reich Church)

46
Q

WHO was Martin Niemoller?

A

Co-founder of the Confessional Church (a Protestant resistance movement)

47
Q

WHY was the Church a threat to Nazism?

A

Divisions of faith challenged the Volksgemeinschaft and religious loyalties (particularly those with international links, like Catholicism) opposed the Fuhrerprinzip (leader principle)

48
Q

WHEN was the Concordat signed?

A

1933

49
Q

WHAT was the Concordat?

A

An agreement between the Vatican and the Nazi government. The Nazis agreed not to interfere in the Catholic Church (especially in its schools, youth organisations and lay groups), as long as the Vatican didn’t interfere with German politics

50
Q

HOW did the Nazis break the Concordat?

A
  • They forced Catholic organisations to disband
  • The Gestapo put Catholic priests under surveillance
  • A number of leading Catholics were murdered during the Night of the Long Knives
  • Heavy censorship of press
  • Ability to hold public meetings was severely restricted
51
Q

WHO was Archbishop of Munster von Galen?

A

A key Catholic figure in the 1930s who led opposition against the Nazis.

52
Q

WHAT was the Nazi response to ‘With Burning Grief’?

A
  • Gestapo and SS agents were placed in Catholic organisations
  • Catholic press, pilgrimages and processions were resticted
  • Many monastries shut down
  • Church schools converted to community schools
53
Q

WHEN were all Catholic schools converted to community schools?

A

1939

54
Q

WHY was there little opposition from the Catholic Church?

A
  • Many older Catholics were torn between their faith and their wish to be seen as ‘good Germans’
  • The Catholic heirarchy believed that continued support would be the best way to protect the institution
55
Q

WHEN was the Reich Church established?

A

1933

56
Q

WHAT was the Reich Church?

A

A centralised Protestant Church under Nazi control, organised under the leadership principle and staffed under the ‘Aryan paragraph’

57
Q

WHO was Ludwig Muller?

A

Reich Bishop (head of the Nazi Reich Church)

58
Q

WHAT were ‘German Christians’?

A

A subsection of Protestantism who were strong Nazis and aimed to unify the two institutions.

59
Q

WHAT was the Church secession campaign?

A

A Nazi campaign that aimed to get party members to renounce their Church membership, and become ‘God-believers’ (those who still had faith, but with no formal membership of any Church)

60
Q

HOW successful were Nazi religious policies?

A
  • Nazi religious policy was confused and inconsistent due to differing views on the matter among leading Nazis
  • The Reich Church and Concordat failed
  • Neither Church was fully coordinated into the Volksgemeinschaft and organised religion remained a powerful force in Germany.

GERMANY (26 decks)

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