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Biology Y10 > 1.1 > Flashcards

1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Using units

1kilometre=
1m=
1cm=
1mm=
1um=

A

1kilometre= 1000metres (m)
1m= 100 centimetres (cm)
1cm=10milimetres (mm)
1mm=100micrometres (um)
1um=1000 nanometres (nm)

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2
Q

whats a light microscope

A

A microscope that uses visible light and lenses

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3
Q

What are the key features of a light microscope?

A

Stage, objective lens, eye piece lens, focus adjustment, light source

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4
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

A microscope that uses electrons and electron lenses

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5
Q

What is magnification?

A

How many times bigger than it actually is

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6
Q

What is resolution?

A

Minimum distance apart that two objects can be in order for them to be seen as separate objects

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7
Q

What are the advantages of using an electron microscope compared to a light microscope?

A

Higher magnification and resolution

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8
Q

How is magnification calculated?

A

magnification = image size / actual size

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9
Q

Where are chromosomes found in an animal cell

A

nucleus

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10
Q

Describe the DNA in a bacteria cell

A

A single DNA loop or a DNA ring (plasmid)

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11
Q

what is the function of cytoplasm

A

the water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended
-where chemical reactions take place

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12
Q

whats the function of a cell membrane

A

-to control the passage of substances e.g glucose and mineral ions into the cell
-also controls the movement of substances e.g urea or hormones out the cell

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13
Q

whats the function of mitochondria

A

where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell

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14
Q

whats the function of ribosomes

A

where protein synthesis takes place
—making all the proteins needed in the cell

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15
Q

List the five parts of an animal cell

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes

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16
Q

List the three parts of a cell only found in plant cells

A

Vacuole (filled with cell sap), Chloroplasts, Cell wall

17
Q

What is a cell wall made of in a plant cell?

A

cellulose

18
Q

What function does cellulose have in a cell wall?

A

Provides strength

19
Q

Name three specialised animal cells

A

Sperm, Nerve, Muscle

20
Q

Name three specialised plant cells

A

Xylem, Root hair, Phloem

21
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

When different types of cells are formed in an organism

22
Q

State two benefits of an electron microscope over a light microscope

A

Greater resolving power, Higher magnification

23
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell

24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas

25
Q

What process moves substances into and out of a cell across a cell membrane?

A

Diffusion

26
Q

What does diffusion result in?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

27
Q

Name two substances transported in and out of cells during gas exchange

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

28
Q

Name three factors that affect diffusion

A

-Difference in concentration (concentration gradient),
-Temperature
-Surface area of membrane

29
Q

How does water move across cell membranes?

A

by osmosis

30
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

31
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

32
Q

What’s the role of active transport in plants?

A

The absorption of mineral ions from dilute solutions in soil via root hairs

33
Q

What’s the role of active transport in humans?

A

Allows sugar molecules to move from the gut into the blood

34
Q

name two ways embryonic stem cells can cure diseases

A

-producing insulin
-replacing neurons

35
Q

give the two main differences between active transport and diffusion

A

diffusion doesn’t require energy and AT does
-diffusion moves molecules from a high to low con AT goes low to high

Biology Y10 (21 decks)

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