B5 Health and Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is health

A

The state of physical and mental wellbeing

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2
Q

Definition of a non-communicable disease

A

It is a medical condition or disease that cannot be spread from person to person (not caused by infectious agents)

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3
Q

Definition of a communicable disease

A

Its an infectious disease which can be transmitted from person to person

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4
Q

Name 4 risk factors

A

-age
-gender
-diet
-local environment

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5
Q

How can gender affect a person’s health

A

Males have a risk of prostrate cancer and a higher risk of baldness
-Females have a risk of breast cancer

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6
Q

How ethnic group have an affect on peoples health

A

Darker skinned people have a higher risk of rickets due to lack of exposure to sunlight

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7
Q

state 3 factors that affect your health

A

diet- you need to have a good, balanced diet
- if not you may suffer from starvation,
anaemia or rickets

stress- being constantly under stress can lead to health issues

life situations, e.g finacial status, gender, how many children you have, part of the world

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8
Q

What can viruses in living cells contribute to

A

human papilloma- Cervical cancer

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9
Q

Name direct risk factors for non communicable diseases

A

type 2 diabetes-high blood pressure and smoking over 40years of age
coronary- high saturated fat intake, low excersise level

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10
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by?

A

Pathogens (microorganisms) which include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

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11
Q

How do Bacteria and viruses make you feel ill

A

Produce toxins

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12
Q

How do viruses make you ill?

A

Live and reproduce inside your cells, causing cell damage

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13
Q

Name four ways in which the spread of disease can be prevented

A

-Simple Hygiene
-Destroying Vectors
-Vaccination
-Isolation

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14
Q

explain the Measles Virus

A

-spread by Droplet infection
-Causes/symptoms fever and a rash
-NO CURE
-Isolation of parents and Vaccination prevents spread

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15
Q

how is measles spread

A

inhiliation of droplets from coughs and sneezes and is very infectious

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16
Q

explain the virus HIV

A

-initally causes a Flu-like illness
-Attacks body’s immune cells
-AIDS occurs when the system become so damaged it can’t deal with cancers or infections

17
Q

state how HIV is spread

A

-spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
-or by a mother to child in breast milk

18
Q

how can the spread of HIV/AIDS be prevented

A

-using condoms
-not sharing needles
-screening blood used for transfusions

19
Q

state what the tobacco mosaic virus is

A

-Spread by contact and vectors
-Damages leaves, reduces photosynthesis. No treatment.
-NO TREATMENT
-Spreads prevented by field hygiene and pest control.

20
Q

State a fungal disease

A

Rose black spot
-Spread by wind and water.
-Damages leaves so they drop off, affecting photosynthesis.
Spreads prevented by removing affected leaves and chemical sprays.

21
Q

state a disease caused by a protist

A

Malaria
-caused by Parasitic Protists spread by female mosquitos.
-it damages blood and liver cells, causes fever and shaking. CAN BE FATAL
-can be prevented by stopping vectors from breeding, mosquito nets to stop people from being bitten

22
Q

state 2bacterial diseases

A

-salmonella
-gonorrhoea

23
Q

state what salmonella

A

-spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
-symptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, diarrohea and vomiting
all caused from toxins the bacteria produces
-to control the spread most poultrys vaccinated against salmonella

24
Q

state what gonorrhoea is

A

-sexually transmitted disease
-symptoms: discharge from penis to vagina and the pain on urination
-treatment involves antibiotics
-use condoms or barriers of contraception

25
Q

state 4ways of reducing/preventing disease

A

-be hygienic
-destroy vectors
-isolate infected individuals
-vaccination

26
Q

How do white blood cells defend against pathogens?

A

-Ingest microorganisms and destroy them or by making antibodies and antitoxins.

27
Q

state how our body uses defense systems

A

skin-acts as a barrier to pathogens, also secretes antimicrobial substances which kill pathogens

nose-hair + mucus trap particles

trachea + bronchi- secrete mucus to trap pathogens

stomach-produces hydrochloric acid, killing pathogens