training for special populations - week 10

Question 1

thermoregulation for women is impaired during what phase of the menstrual cycle ?

Answer 1

luteal

Question 2

what are the 4 main concerns for female athletes ?

Answer 2

exercise and menstrual cycle

eating disorders

bone mineral density

exercise during pregnancy

Question 3

what is athletic amenorrhea ? (2)

Answer 3

ceasing of menstruation

due to modified release of hormones from hypothalamus

Question 4

what % of female athletes have athletic amenorrhea compared ot general population?

Answer 4

12-69% compared to 3% general

Question 5

what causes athletic amenorrhea?

Answer 5

overtraining

increase in psych stress - more catacholamines released

low energy availability - high expenditure/low nutrient intake

Question 6

what is anorexia ?

Answer 6

extreme steps to reduce body weight such as starvations and excessive exercise

Question 7

what are the effects of anorexia and how is it treated ?

Answer 7

excessive weight loss , amenorrhea , death

psychological counselling, nutritional guidance

Question 8

what is bulimia?

Answer 8

pattern of binging and purging

Question 9

what are the effects of bulimia and how is it treated ?

Answer 9

damage to teeth and esophagus due to vomiting

professional support

Question 10

what are the major causes of osteoporosis ? (2)

Answer 10

estrogen deficiency due amenorrhea

inadequate calcium intake due eating disorders

Question 11

does training reduce the rate of bone loss?

Answer 11

yes but cannot reverse the process

Question 12

what is the female athlete triad ? (3-5)

Answer 12

relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)

low energy availability
menstrual dysfunction
low bone mineral density

associated health consequences as a result of the factors

Question 13

what are the possible reasons for women’s risk of knee injury ? (5)

Answer 13

hormone fluctuation can compromise acl strength/ proprioceptor feedback

sex differences - anatomy , greater joint laxity in women

dynamic neuromuscular imbalances - landing biomechanics, imbalanced strength, proprioception

Question 14

who’s more at risk of knee injuries ?

Answer 14

women

x3.5 more likely risk of ACL than men

Question 15

what is type 1 diabetes ?

Answer 15

blood glucose levels are too high due to body being unable to produce insulin due to destruction of beta cells in pancreas

Question 16

how do type 1 diabetics avoid hypoglycemia when exercising ?

Answer 16

combo of exercise, diet and insulin for optimal glucose control

Question 17

where should an insulin injection site be and why ?

Answer 17

away from working muscles to prevent increased rate of uptake and hypoglycemia

Question 18

why can’t people with asthma SCUBA dive ?

Answer 18

asthma attacks while scuba diving can cause lung damage

thorough medical exam required beforehand

Question 19

what is sarcopenia ?

Answer 19

age related loss of muscle mass

Question 20

what is sarcopenia due to ? (2)

Answer 20

reduction to muscle fibre size

reduction in number of fibres

Question 21

what are contribution factors to sarcopenia ? (4)

Answer 21

inactivity

oxidative stress to muscle fibres

inflammation

reduction in anabolic hormones such as testosterone