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PARASITOLOGY > FINALS: BLOOD TREMATODES > Flashcards

FINALS: BLOOD TREMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

TREMATODES ARE UNDER THE CLASS OF PARASITES UNDER THE THE PHYLUM _________

A

PLATYHELMINTHES

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2
Q
  • LEAF- SHAPED, UNSEGMENTED, FLAT & BROAD HELMINTHS
  • their unique morphological feature is the presence of 2 MUSCULAR CUP-SHAPED SUCKERS
A

TREMATODES

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3
Q

TREMATODES ARE CLASSIFIED TAXONOMICALLY BASED ON THEIR ________

A

HABITAT
- BLOOD FLUKE
- LUNG FLUKE
- INTESTINAL FLUKE
- LIVER FLUKE

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4
Q
  • genus of parasitic blood flukes that causes SCHISTOSOMIASIS/ BILHARZIASIS
A

Schistosoma spp.
5 species:
S. japonicum
S. mansoni
S. haematobium
S. mekongi
S. intercalatum

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5
Q

S. spp HISTORY
- German pathologist who identified adult parasite in autopsy material in Egypt (1951)
- later seen in Japan called KATAYAMA FEVER
- 2000 years ago - S. Joponicum eggs are identified in FEMALE CORPSE from WESTERN HAN DYNASTY
- 1906 - first reported case in the Phil. (WOOLEY)

A

Theodore Maximillian Bilharz

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6
Q

S. spp MORPHOLOGICAL STAGES?

A
  • EGG
  • MIRACIDIA
  • SPOROCYST
  • CERCARIA
  • SCHISTOSOMULA
  • ADULT WORM
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7
Q
  • Free swimming embryo which is liberated from the egg
    o Infective stage of snail and intermediate
    host
    o Matures into sporocyst
A

MIRACIDIA

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8
Q

 Free swimming (escape from snail to
water)
 Emerge from daughter sporocyst
 Has body and forked tail
 Body: 100-5—um in length; 40-60 um
transversely
 Tail trunk: 140-15- um by 20-35 um
 Fork: 50-70 um long
 Infective stage for human/definitive
host
 Penetrate in the host by lactic enzyme

A

CERCARIA

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9
Q

 Develop from cercaria after skin
penetration
 Cercarial tegument is replaced by 5-7
layered membrane
 Migrate through the circulation

A

SCHISTOSOMULA

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10
Q

 Dioecious
 General features: oral sucker, ventral
sucker, gonophore

A

ADULT WORM

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11
Q
  • Shorter but sturdier
  • 12-20 mm in length by 0.46-0.5 mm in
    diameter
  • Gynecophoral canal: where female
    worm is held
  • Testes are arranged in one row above
    ventral sucker
A

MALE ADULT WORM

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12
Q
  • Longer and slender
  • 15-26 mm by 0.3 mm
  • Has single pyramidal ovary in the
    midline
A

FEMALE ADULT WORM

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13
Q
  • ORIENTAL BLOOD FLUKE
  • IH: Oncomelania ( Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi
  • DH: man and domestic animals
  • ADULT WORM: superior mesenteric veins draining the SMALL INTESTINE
  • TESTES: 6-7 in a single row
  • OVARY: in the MIDDLE OF THE BODY; 50 or more eggs
  • INTESTINE: short
  • EGGS: round, w/ lateral knob
A

S. japonicum

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14
Q
  • MANSON’S BLOOD FLUKE
  • IH: Biomphalaria and Alustralorbis (Biomphalaria Alexandrina)
  • DH: man
  • ADULT WORM: superior mesenteric veins draining the LARGE INTESTINE
  • TESTES: 8-9 ZIGZAG row
  • OVARY: ANTERIOR to the MIDDLE OF THE BODY; 1 -3 eggs
  • INTESTINE: longest
  • EGGS: w/ lateral SPINE (prominent and sharp
A

S. mansoni

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15
Q
  • VESICAL BLOOD FLUKE
  • IH: Bulimus (Bulimus truncatus)
  • DH: man
  • ADULT WORM: venous plexus of BLADDER
  • TESTES:4-5 in GROUPS
  • OVARY: BEHIND the MIDDLE OF THE BODY; 20-30 eggs
  • INTESTINE: long
  • EGGS: w/ TERMINAL SPINE
A

S. haematobium

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16
Q

Schistosoma species: PATHOGENESIS
 ACUTE SCHISTOSOMIASIS
 Integumentary System:
- irritation of
integument caused by cercarial
penetration

A

Swimmer’s itch-

17
Q

happens during incubation period due to released metabolites of schistosomula

A

Anaphylactic symptoms

18
Q

Kayatama fever is caused by?

A

Kayatama fever-

19
Q

CHRONIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS CA?

A

Schistosoma japonicum

20
Q
  • More severe from to schistosomiasis
  • Intestinal mucosal hyperplasia
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Portal hypertension
A

Oriental Schistosomiasis/
Kayatama Disease

21
Q
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Colicky abdominal pain
  • CNS involvement possible (Cerebral
    schistosomiasis)
  • Lung involvement (corpulmonale)
    possible
A

Clay pipestem fibrosis

22
Q
  • Painless hematuria
  • Dysuria
  • Proteinuria
  • Inflammation of urinary bladder
  • Pseudoabscesses
  • Ulceration and thickening of mucosa
  • Formation of sandy patches
  • Association with Urinary Bladder
    Carcinoma
  • Chronic cystitis due to secondary
    bladder infection
  • Calculus formation
  • Spinal cord, skin, and genital organ
    involvement possible

CA?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

23
Q

Schistosoma species: TREATMENT

 S. haematobium, S. intercalatum

A
  • Praziquantel
  • Metriphonate
24
Q

Schistosoma species: TREATMENT

 S. mansoni

A
  • Praziquantel
  • Oxamniquine
25
Q

Schistosoma species: TREATMENT

 S. japonicum

A
  • Praziquantel
  • IV tartar emetic
26
Q

Schistosoma species: TREATMENT

 S. mekongi

A
  • Praziquantel

PARASITOLOGY (23 decks)

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