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Biology Honors > Unit 4 Cell Biology > Flashcards

Unit 4 Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first to describe and name cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

What is The Cell Theory? (3)

A

1) All living things are made out of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

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3
Q

Describe a Compound Light Microscope.

A
  • Uses 2+ lenses

- Maximum 1000X

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4
Q

Describe an Electron Microscope

A
  • Electrons shot at sample & create an image

- Maximum 100,000X

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5
Q

What is the cell size range?

A

1 micrometer to 100mm

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6
Q

What is the largest cell?

A

Ostrich Egg

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7
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

So they can get materials from the outside to the inside fastest

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8
Q

What are the 3 main parts to the cell?

A

1) Nucleus
2) Cell Membrane
3) Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Why is every cell like a microscopic factory?

A

Every part of the cell plays a role/has a job

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of cells?

A

1) Prokaryotes

2) Eukaryotes

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11
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

No

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12
Q

What is an example of a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

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13
Q

What is an example of an eukaryote?

A

Everything besides bacteria

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14
Q

What is the outer boundry of the cell composed of?

A

Lipids and Proteins

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate what enters and leaves the cell

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16
Q

What do plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria have?

A

Cell Wall

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17
Q

What protein is between the cell walls in plants?

A

Middle Lamella

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18
Q

What kind of glue does the Middle Lamella have?

A

Pectin

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19
Q

What is a phospolipid?

A

2 tailed lipid used to create the cell membrane

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of membrane proteins?

A

1) Channel Protein

2) Surface Protein

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21
Q

What is the Channel Proteins purpose?

A

The doorway through the cell membrane

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22
Q

What is the Surface Proteins purpose?

A

Identifies the cell, and/or bring info into the cell

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23
Q

What is the constant motion of the cytoplasm called?

A

Cytoplasmic Streaming

24
Q

What are the 2 uses of the Nucleus?

A

1) Contains genetic material (DNA)

2) Controls Cell Activity

25
Q

What type of hereditary material does the nucleus contain?

A

Chromosomes

26
Q

What are unwound chromosomes called?

A

Chromatin

27
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

A

Nuclear Membrane

28
Q

Where is the nucleolus?

A

Center of the Nucleus

29
Q

What are ribosomes used for?

A

Making proteins

30
Q

What are the series of channels in the cell called?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

31
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum used for?

A

Transport

32
Q

What are the 2 types of ER’s?

A

1) Smooth ER

2) Rough ER

33
Q

Which type of ER has ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

34
Q

What are golgi bodies?

A

Stacks of tubes with membranous sacs at the ends

35
Q

What are golgi bodies used for?

A

Storing & Packaging chemicals

36
Q

What do the mitochondria do?

A

Make energy

37
Q

What 2 membranes are the mitochondria composed of?

A

1) Outer

2) Inner (Has many folds-more surface are to make energy)

38
Q

What parent do you get your mitochondria from?

A

Your mom

39
Q

Where are the mitochondria most common?

A

Your heart

40
Q

Some plastids contain _________ others contain ___________.

A

Food; Pigments

41
Q

What are the 3 main kinds of plastids?

A

1) Leucoplast
2) Chromoplast
3) Chloroplast

42
Q

What do leucoplasts do?

A

Hold starch

43
Q

What do chromoplasts do?

A

Hold color

44
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Hold chlorophyll

45
Q

Which kind of plastid contains DNA?

A

Chloroplast

46
Q

What are the vacuoles for?

A

Storage of materials

47
Q

Why do plants have one large water-filled vacuole?

A

For water & food

48
Q

Where are lysosomes formed?

A

The golgi

49
Q

What does lyso mean?

A

To break

50
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Digestive enzymes

51
Q

What are lysosomes especially used by?

A

The immune system

52
Q

What are cells made more rigid by?

A

Microtubules

53
Q

Microtubules that appear during cell division are called…

A

Spindle Fibers

54
Q

Small, dark bodies outside the nucleus in pairs and are used in cell division are called….

A

Centrioles

55
Q

Hairlike projections that stick out from the cell surface are ________ and _______.

A

Cilia and Flagella

56
Q

What are Cilia an Flagella used for?

A

Movement and Attachment

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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