Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Honors > Unit 5 Cell Reproduction and Mendelian Genetics > Flashcards

Unit 5 Cell Reproduction and Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction at the cellular level occurs when….

A

One cell called the Parent cell divides and forms new cells called the Daughter cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unicellular organisms consist of how many cells?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unicellular organisms do what by cellular division?

A

Reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multi-cellular organisms do what by cellular division?

A
  • Grow

- Heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why must cellular division occur?

A

So you can grow & heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do daughter cells receive from the parent cell?

A
  • DNA

- Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Human bodies rely on cell division to:

A

1) Grow
2) Heal
3) Develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacteria divide every __ minutes

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A human cell divides every _____ hrs.

A

18-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The production of offspring from one parent is called ________.

A

Asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Offspring produced from the union of 2 special parental cells is _______.

A

Sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is binary fission?

A

When a cell is split in 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does binary fission occur?

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of reproduction is binary fission?

A

Asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are other methods of asexual reproduction? (3)

A

1) Vegetative (Strawberries)
2) Fragmentation (Starfish)
3) Eyes (Potatoes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sexual reproduction results fro the joining of specialized sex cells called _______.

A

Gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The male gamete is called ______.

A

Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The female gamete is called the _____.

A

Ovum (Egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the process of fertilization what happens?

A

The egg and sperm combine to form the zygote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many chromosomes in a normal human cell?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Body cells are called ______.

A

Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many chromosomes in a normal goldfish cell?

A

94

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 main parts of cell replication?

A

1) Copy of DNA
2) Divide the DNA copies
3) Cell divides into 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long does the whole cycle take?

A

20 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How long does the actual division take?

A

less than 1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the time between divisions called?

A

Interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

1) Normal cell work

2) DNA replicates ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The hereditary material (DNA & Protein) is called_______ in the interphase stage.

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At the start of mitosis, what does chromatin do?

A

Coils up and condenses, forming thick rods called chromosomes.

30
Q

Each chromosome has 2 strands called _______.

A

Sister chromosomes

31
Q

What are the sister chromosomes held together at?

A

The centromere

32
Q

What are the 5 stages of Mitosis?

A

1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase
5) Cytokinesis

33
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

1) 2 copies of each chromosome coil into chromatids

2) Nuclear membrane disappears

34
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

1) Chromosomes line up in the middle

2) Spindle fiber attach to chromatids from the centrioles

35
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

1) Spindle fibers shorten

2) Chromatids pulled to opposite sides

36
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

1) Reach opposite ends
2) Nuclear membrane re-forms
3) Spindle fibers disappear

37
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

1) Cell membrane pinches inward and together

38
Q

When does Cytokinesis begin?

A

During telophase

39
Q

What protein tubes form between the centrioles?

A

Spindle fibers

40
Q

In what phase is the best time to study chromosomes?

A

Metaphase

41
Q

Why is metaphase the best time to study chromosomes?

A

They are lined up & organized

42
Q

What must be formed so plant cells can do cytokinesis?

A

A plate

43
Q

Chromosomes in somatic cells occur in pairs called _____.

A

Homologs

44
Q

Humans have 46 chromosomes with ___ pairs of homologs

A

23

45
Q

A human gamete has only ___ chromosomes

A

23

46
Q

Because a human gamete has only 23 chromosomes, it is said to be a ________.

A

Haploid

47
Q

Meisis requires how many successive cell divisions?

A

2

48
Q

The process of homologous chromosomes coming together is called _________.

A

Synapsis

49
Q

Chromosomes lie next to eachother forming a ______.

A

Tetrad

50
Q

Why is meiosis 1 the “Reduction Division”?

A

It reduces the number of chromosomes rom the diploid to the haploid number.

51
Q

Why is meiosis 2 different from meiosis 1?

A

In meiosis 2 DNA is NOT replicated

52
Q

Meiosis in male cells result in ___ cells that change into sperm

A

4

53
Q

What is different about meiosis in female cells?

A

It only results in 1 viable egg

54
Q

Each of the daughter cells produced in meiosis is _______.

A

Haploid

55
Q

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?

A

Heredity

56
Q

What is the scientific study of heredity called?

A

Genetics

57
Q

How are traits transmitted?

A

Chromosomes

58
Q

What are the units of heredity called?

A

Genes

59
Q

What is a gene that masks the other gene in a pair called?

A

Dominant

60
Q

What is a gene that is hidden in the F1 generation called?

A

Recessive

61
Q

What is homozygous?

A

When 2 genes are identical

62
Q

What is homozygous dominant?

A

When 2 genes are both dominant

63
Q

What is homozygous recessive?

A

When 2 genes are both recessive

64
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

When an individual has a dominant gene and a recessive

65
Q

What is the principal of segregation?

A

Members of each pair of genes separate when gametes are formen

66
Q

When does the principal of segregation happen?

A

Anaphase 1 of Meiosis

67
Q

What is an allele?

A

A term used to refer to either member of a pair of genes

68
Q

The pairs of alleles in the cells of an organism make up ________.

A

Genotype

*BB, Bb, bb

69
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

A trait that is actually expressed in an organism

*Description

70
Q

What kind of cross is a monohybrid cross?

A

Crosses involving 1 trait

71
Q

What kind of cross is a dihybrid cross?

A

Crosses involving 2 traits

72
Q

What is proof of independent Assortment?

A

Dihybrid cross

Biology Honors (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions