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PSYC2360 > 16 LEARNING + MEMORY > Flashcards

16 LEARNING + MEMORY Flashcards

1
Q

process by experiences change our nervous system + bhvr which allows us to acquire new info from the envmt

A

LEARNING

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2
Q

ability to retain learned info that involves long term changes in the nervous system

A

MEMORY

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3
Q

INFO-PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY STEPS

A
  1. ENCODING
  2. CONSOLIDATION
  3. STORAGE
  4. RETRIEVAL
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4
Q

learning that produces changes in nervous system by encoding new info to be learned

A

ENCODING

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5
Q

process by which STM = converted into LTM

A

CONSOLIDATION

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6
Q

hyptohesis that memory can be divided into categories that reflect the type of info being remembered

A

MULTIPLE TRACE HYP OF MEMORY

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7
Q

2 TRACES OF LTM

A
  1. DECLARATIVE/EXPLICIT MEM
  2. NONDECLARATIVE/IMPLICIT MEM
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8
Q

2 TRACES OF DECLARATIVE MEM

A
  1. EPISODIC MEM (EVENTS)
  2. SEMANTIC MEM (FACTS)
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9
Q

4 TRACES OF NONDECLARATIVE MEM

A
  1. PROCEDURAL MEM
  2. PERCEPTUAL MEM
  3. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
  4. NONASSOC LEARNING
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10
Q

brief period of time during which initial sensation of envmtl stimuli = initially remembered

A

SENSORY MEM

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11
Q
  • LARGE capacity
  • RAPID decay
  • lasts for fraction of sec-few secs
  • occurs in each of senses + allows individuals to retain experience of sensation slightly longer than OG stimulus
A

DESCRIPTION OF SENSORY MEM

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12
Q

brain region involved in SENSORY MEM

A

SENSORY ASSOCIATION AREAS

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13
Q

memory that = meaningful/salient enough to be passed on from SENSORY MEM

A

SHORT TERM MEM (WORKING MEM)

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14
Q
  • SEVERELY LIMITED capacity (can be expanded thru CHUNKING)
  • lasts for secs-mins (can be extended thru REHEARSAL)
A

DESCRIPTION OF STM

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15
Q

brain region involved in STM

A

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

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16
Q

memory btwn STM + LTM

A

INTERMEDIATE-TERM MEMORY

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17
Q
  • lasts for hrs-days
    may be transferred to LTM thru REHEARSAL
A

DESCRIPTION OF INTERMEDIATE-TERM MEM

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18
Q

memory of info that has been CONSOLIDATED from STM

A

LONG TERM MEMORY

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19
Q
  • lasts for mins/days/decades
  • NOT ALL info from STM makes it to LTM
  • can be retrieved throughout lifetime (strengthen thru retrieval)
A

DESCRIPTION OF LTM

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20
Q

theory that memory fades away w time unless there is REHEARSAL

A

DECAY THEORY

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21
Q

theory that memory for other material INTERFERES w info we are trying to remember

A

INTERFERENCE THEORY

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22
Q

according to the ___ THEORY: we have better recall of info when the presentation of info = spaced out over time

A

INTERFERENCE

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23
Q

idea that we recall items BETTER when they are presented FIRST/LAST

A

PRIMACY/RECENCY

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24
Q

idea that memory system has ENOGUH RESOURCES to transfer items at BEGINNING of list into LTM

A

PRIMACY

25
Q

idea that items at END of list = STILL in LTM + are therefore AVAIL for recall

A

RECENCY

26
Q

2 brain regions involved in CONSOLIDATION

A
  1. HIPPOCAMPUS
  2. AMYGDALA
27
Q

PROCESS OF CONSOLIDATION IN THE BRAIN

A
  1. HIPPOCAMPUS receives info abt its going on from SENSORY/MOTOR ASSOC CORTICES, BASAL GANGLIA + AMYGDALA
  2. it processes info
  3. thru EFFERENT connections w those regions, it MODIFIES mems being consolidated there
  4. LINKS mems together in ways that allow us to REMEMBER the relationships among elements of mems
28
Q

memories = subject to modification thru ___ + ____

A

REACTIVATION + RECONSOLIDATION

29
Q

process of CONSOLIDATION of a memory that occurs after the original CONSOLIDATION that can be triggered by a reminder of the OF stimulus

A

RECONSOLIDATION

30
Q

memories we are NOT necessarily conscious fo (IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE)

A

NONDECLARATIVE MEMORY

31
Q

memories of events/facts we can think/talk about

A

DECLARATIVE MEMORY

32
Q

memory of a collection of PERCEPTIONS OF EVENTS organized in time + identified by a particular context

A

EPISODIC (AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL) MEMS

33
Q

memory of FACTS/GENERAL INFO/CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE

A

SEMANTIC MEMS

34
Q

brain region involved in DECLARATIVE MEM

A

HIPPOCAMPUS

35
Q

brain region involved in PROCEDURAL MEM

A

BASAL GANGLIA

36
Q

brain region involved in EMOTIONAL MEM

A

AMYGDALA

37
Q

brain region involved in ‘WORKING WITH’ MEM

A

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

38
Q

concept involved in PERCEPTUAL MEMORY that is an alteration of response to a stimulus as a result of PRIOR EXPOSURE

A

PRIMING

39
Q

concept involved in PROCEDURAL MEMORY that is a learning procedure where the effects of a particular bhvr in a particular situation INCR (REINFORCE)/DECR (PUNISH) the probability of the bhvr

A

INSTRUMENTAL/OPERANT CONDITIONING

40
Q

series of connected memes that become automatic w practice

A

MOTOR LEARNING

41
Q

concept in EMOTIONAL MEMORY that = the assoc btwn STIMULUS + VALENCE

A

CONDITIONED FEAR RESP

42
Q

how PLEASANT/UNPLEASANT a stimulus is

A

VALENCE

43
Q

concept in EMOTIONAL MEMORY where if CONDITIONED stimulus = repeated without the UNCONDITIONED stimulus enough then CONDITIONED RESPONSE disappears

A

EXTINCTION

44
Q

concept in NON-ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY that involves IGNORING incoming info that = NOT relevant

A

HABITUATION/DESENSITIZATION

45
Q

learning to recognize a particular stimulus

A

PERCEPTUAL LEARNING

46
Q

learning RELATIONSHIPS among individuals stimuli

A

RELATIONAL LEARNING

47
Q

learning to automatically make a particular resp in presence of a particular stimulus

A

STIMULUS-RESPONSE LEARNING

48
Q

AUTOMATIC/UNVOLUNTARY reflexes that do NOT have to be learned

A

TYPE OF BHVR IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

49
Q

BRAND NEW/VOLUNTARY bhvrs that HAVE been learned

A

TYPE OF BHVR IN OPERANT CONDITIONING

50
Q

assoc btwn 2 stimuli

A

TYPE OF ASSOCIATION IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

51
Q

assoc btwn stimulus + response

A

TYPE OF ASSOCIATION IN OPERANT CONDITIONING

52
Q

stimulus that elicits UNLEARNED/REFLEXIVE resp

A

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (US)

53
Q

LEARNED/REFLEXIVE bhvrl response to an UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UR)

54
Q

stimulus that elicits LEARNED/REFLEXIVE response following pairing w UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)

55
Q

LEARNED/REFLEXIVE resp to a CONDITIONED STIMULUS established after repeated paragon of UNCONDITIONED + CONDITIONED STIMULI

A

CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)

56
Q

hypothesis/rule that cellular basis of learning involves strengthening of synapse that = repeatedly active when postsynaptic neuron fires

A

HEBBIAN LEARNING (HEBB RULE)

57
Q

after several pairings of 2 stimuli + after several increments of strengthening → synapse btwn 2 types of nuerons becomes strong enough to cause motor neuron to fire by itself

A

HOW HEBB RULE = MECHANISM FOR CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

58
Q

long term INCR in excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by RPTD HIGH-FREQ activity of that input

A

LONG TERM POTENTIATION (LTP)

59
Q

idea that LTP strengthens existing synapses + creates new ones

A

SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY

PSYC2360 (17 decks)

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