16: POSTERIOR MUSCLES

Question 1

Where is the levator scapulae muscle

Answer 1

back of the neck

Question 2

what does the levator scapulae muscle cross

Answer 2

shoulder girdle, moves the scapular relative to the ribcage

Question 3

what does the levator scapulae do

Answer 3

elevates the scapula
assists in downwards rotation of the scapula
laterally flexes the neck

Question 4

where are the deltoids

Answer 4

shoulder

Question 5

where do the deltoids cross

Answer 5

the shoulder

Question 6

what do the deltoids do

Answer 6

anterior fibres lift the arm forward and draws the arm across the body (flexion)
lateral fibres lift the arm to the side (abduction)
posterior fibres pul the arm backwards and behin the body (extension)

Question 7

where is the infraspinatus muscle

Answer 7

on the scapula, inferior to the spine of scapula

Question 8

where does the infraspinatus cross

Answer 8

the shoulder

Question 9

what does the infraspinatus do

Answer 9

turns the arm outwards (lateral rotation)
stabilises the shoulder join

Question 10

where is the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 10

on the shoulder blade, superior to the spine of scapula

Question 11

where does the supraspinatus cross

Answer 11

the shoulder

Question 12

what does the surpraspinatus do

Answer 12

assists the deltoind in lifting the arm to the side (abduction)
stabilises the shoulder joint (helps prevent downward dislocation)

Question 13

where is the teres minor muscle

Answer 13

from the inferior, anterior aspect of the shoulder blade to the posterior aspect of the head of the humerus

Question 14

where does the teres minor cross

Answer 14

the shoulder

Question 15

what does the teres minor do

Answer 15

turns the arm outwards (lateral rotation)
stabilises the shoulder joint

Question 16

what are the main muscles in the neck and sholder

Answer 16

levator scapulae
deltoids
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor

Question 17

where are the triceps brachii

Answer 17

back of upper arm

Question 18

where do the triceps brachii cross

Answer 18

the elbow and shoulder joints

Question 19

what does the triceps brachii do

Answer 19

straightens the elbow (extention)
assists in drawing the arm down (extension and adduction)

Question 20

what are the 3 muscles in the errector spinae group

Answer 20

1. illiocostalis group
2. longissimus group
3. spinalis

Question 21

where is the illiocastalis group

Answer 21

found running vertically either side of the vertebral column

Question 22

what does the illiocastalis group cross

Answer 22

multiple vertebrae

Question 23

what does the illiocastalis group do

Answer 23

extension of the spine (bending back)
lateral flexion - bend to the side
rotation of the spine

Question 24

where is the longissimus group

Answer 24

runs vertically either side of the vertebral column

Question 25

where does the longissimus group cross

Answer 25

multiple vertebrae

Question 26

what does the longissimus group do

Answer 26

neck extension (look up) lateral neck flexion (tilt head side to side) back extension (bend back) lateral back flexion (bend sideways)

Question 27

where is the spinalis muscle

Answer 27

closest to the vertebral column of all muscles

Question 28

where does the spinalis cross

Answer 28

multiple vertebrae

Question 29

what does the spinalis do

Answer 29

neck extension (look up) back extension (bend back)

Question 30

where is the multifidus muscles

Answer 30

either side of the vertebral column

Question 31

where does the multifidus muscle cross

Answer 31

all intervertebral joints

Question 32

what does the multifidus muscle do

Answer 32

acts bilaterally - straightens the side (extension) acts unilaterally - assists in pulling the torso to the side (lateral flexion) and assists in turning the torso (rotation)

Question 33

where is the quadratus lumborum muscle

Answer 33

either side of vertebral column

Question 34

where does the quadratus lumborum cross

Answer 34

lumbar intervertebral joints

Question 35

what does the quadratus lumborum do

Answer 35

pulls torso to the side (lateral flexion)

Question 36

where is the latissimus dorsi muscles

Answer 36

back

Question 37

where does the latissimus dorsi muscle cross

Answer 37

shoulders

Question 38

what does the latissimus dorsi muscle do

Answer 38

draws up back and down (extension) draws arm down to the side (adduction) turns arm inwards (medial rotation) assists in depression of scapula

Question 39

where is the trapezius muscle

Answer 39

between shoulder blades

Question 40

where does the trapezius muscle cross

Answer 40

shoulder girdle

Question 41

what does the trapezius muscle do

Answer 41

upper fibres raises the shoulder girdle (elevation) middle fibres pulls shoulder girdle back (retraction) lower fibres pull shoulder girdle down (depression) whole muscle upwardly rotates scapular

Question 42

where are the rhomboids

Answer 42

between shoulder blades

Question 43

where do the rhomboids cross

Answer 43

shoulder girdle

Question 44

what do the rhomboids do

Answer 44

retracts scapula downwardly rotates scapula

Question 45

what are the main muscles in the back

Answer 45

erector spinae group multifidus quadratus lumborum latissimus dorsi trapezius rhomboids

Question 46

where is the gluteus maximus

Answer 46

behind the hip (buttocks)

Question 47

where does the gluteus maximus cross

Answer 47

hip joint

Question 48

what does the glute max do

Answer 48

pulls thigh backwards (hip extension) turns thigh outwards (hip lateral flexion)

Question 49

where is the gluteus medius

Answer 49

outside of hip

Question 50

where does the glute medius cross

Answer 50

hip joint

Question 51

what does the glute medius do

Answer 51

raises thigh to side (abduction) anterior fibres assis in hip flexion and medial rotation posterior fibres assist in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)

Question 52

where is the gluteus minimus

Answer 52

outside of hip, deep to gluteus medius

Question 53

where does the glute minimus cross

Answer 53

hip joint

Question 54

what does the glute minimus do

Answer 54

raises thigh to the side (abduction) assits in turning thigh inwards (medial rotation) posterior fibres assist in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)

Question 55

where is the piriformis muscle

Answer 55

outside of hip, deep to medius and minimus

Question 56

where does the piriformis cross

Answer 56

hip joint

Question 57

what does the piriformis do

Answer 57

raises thigh to side (abduction) assists in turning the thigh outwards (lateral rotation)

Question 58

what are the main gluteal muscles

Answer 58

gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus piriformis

Question 59

where is the bicep femoris

Answer 59

back of thigh

Question 60

where does the bicep femoris cross

Answer 60

knee and hip

Question 61

what does the bicep fermoris do

Answer 61

bends knee (flexion) helps pull thigh backwards (extension) lateral rotation of the knee

Question 62

where is the semimembranosus

Answer 62

back of the thigh

Question 63

what does the semimembranosus cross

Answer 63

knee and hip

Question 64

what does the semimembranosus do

Answer 64

helps bend the knee (flexion) helps pull thigh backwards (extension)

Question 65

where is the semitendinosus muscle

Answer 65

back of thigh

Question 66

where does the semitendinosus cross

Answer 66

hip and knee

Question 67

what does the semitendinosus do

Answer 67

bends knee (flexion) helps pull thigh backwards (extension)

Question 68

what are the main hamstring muscles

Answer 68

Bicep femoris semimembranosus semtendinosus

Question 69

where is the gastrocnemius mucle

Answer 69

calf

Question 70

where does the gastrocnemius cross

Answer 70

ankle and knee

Question 71

what does the gastrocnemius do

Answer 71

raises the heel (ankle plantar flexion) assists in bending the knee (knee flexion)

Question 72

where is the soleus muscle

Answer 72

calf

Question 73

where does the soleus cross

Answer 73

ankle

Question 74

what does the soleus do

Answer 74

raises the heel when feet on floor (plantar flexion)