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Pilates > 7: JOINTS > Flashcards

7: JOINTS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous (Immovable)
  2. Cartilaginous (Slightly immovable)
  3. Synovial (Freely movable)
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2
Q

What are fibrous (immovable) joints

A

Bones that are tightly joined by fibrous connective tissue. Ex. Skull

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3
Q

What are cartilaginous (slightly moveable) joints

A

Bones that are connected with more pliable cartilage. Ex, how the ribs are connected to the sternum

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4
Q

What are synovial (freely moveable) joints

A

The most common joint found in the body. Consist of 2 or more bones meeting. Where the bones meet they are surrounded by a fibrous joint capsule - contains various structures including synovial membrane which contains synovial fluid ( lubricates the joint) and cartilage (smoother movement). Ex. knee or elbow

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5
Q

What is the synovial membrane

A

the inner layer of the joint capsule which secretes synovial fluid

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6
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

helps to lubricate the joint and provides nourishment for the cartilage on the ends of the bone

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7
Q

What it cartilage

A

tough, smooth tissue that helps to reduce friction between the bones and provides shock-absorption to the joint

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8
Q

What is ligament

A

tough fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to bones

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9
Q

What are gliding synovial joints

A

articulating bones in this joint are flat or slightly curved surfaces

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10
Q

What are hinge synovial joints

A

similar motion to a door, movement is possible in only one plane

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11
Q

What are pivot synovial joints

A

Purely rotational movement

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12
Q

What are condyloid synovial joints

A

Very shallow ball and socket joint where movement occurs in two planes

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13
Q

What are saddle synovial joints

A

similar to a condyloid joint but the surfaces are concave

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14
Q

What are ball and socket synovial joints

A

ball like end of one bone coming together with a cup-like end of another. A large degree of movement occurs in three planes

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15
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Condyloid
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and socket
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16
Q

What is flexion

A

to reduce the angle at the joint or to bend a limb

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17
Q

What is extension

A

A movement that increases the angle between two parts that the joint is connecting

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18
Q

What is elevation

A

to lift or raise a joint

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19
Q

What is depression

A

To drop or lower a joint

20
Q

What is pronation

A

to rotate the limb towards the inside. Eg when the hand is turned so the palm is facing downwards

21
Q

What is supination

A

the muscle causes the limb to rotate toward the outside. Eg. the palm is facing up

22
Q

What is adduction

A

To bring towards or across the midline of the body

23
Q

What is abduction

A

to take away from the midline of the body

24
Q

What is lateral flexion

A

to bend sideways with the trunk or the neck

25
Q

What is lateral extension

A

To straighten from a sideways bending movement - returning to natural, upright position

26
Q

What is eversion/inversion

A

movement of the ankle in the frontal plane. Inversion - turn the sole of the foot inwards, eversion - turn foot outwards

27
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

to point the toes away from the body - upwards phase of calf raise

28
Q

What is dorsi flexion

A

The flexion of the foot in an upward direction - downwards phase of a calf raise

29
Q

What is protraction

A

the shoulders are drawn forward, rounding the shoulder

30
Q

What is retraction

A

The shoulders are drawn back, to pull the shoulder blades together and push chest forward

31
Q

What is horizontal flexion

A

a forward movement in a horizontal plane

32
Q

What is horizontal extension

A

A backward movement in a horizontal plane

33
Q

What is rotation

A

A rotary movement

34
Q

What is circumduction

A

the circular movement of the hip or shoulder - a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

34
Q

What is circumduction

A

the circular movement of the hip or shoulder - a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

35
Q

What is the elbow joint

A

Primarily hinge joint formed where the humerus meets the ulna. Also had an additional joint between the radius and ulna

36
Q

What are the two movements available at the elbow

A
  1. flexion and extension (humerus and ulna)
  2. Pronation and supination (radius and ulna)
37
Q

What is the wrist joint

A

A condyloid joint formed where the radius and ulna meet the carpals

38
Q

what are the 4 movements available at the wrist

A
  1. Flexion and extension
  2. Adduction and abduction
39
Q

What is the knee joint

A

A hinge joint where the femur and tibia meet. Protected by the patella

40
Q

What are the two movements available at the knee

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
41
Q

What is the shoulder joint

A

a ball and socket joint where the humerus meets the scapula

42
Q

What movements are available at the shoulder joint

A
  1. flexion and extension
  2. Abduction and adduction
  3. Internal and external rotation
  4. Circumduction
43
Q

What is the hip joint

A

a ball and socket joint formed where the top of the femur (the ball) meets the pelvis (the socket)

44
Q

What movements are available at the hip joint

A
  1. Flexion and extension
  2. Abduction and adduction
  3. Rotation (internal and external)
  4. Circumduction
45
Q

What is the ankle joint

A

a hinge joint where the tibia and bones of the lower leg meet the talus bone of the ankle

46
Q

What movements are available at the ankle joint

A
  1. Plantar flexion and dorsi flexion
  2. Rotation of the sole in and out

Pilates (17 decks)

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