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Orthotic Study > Gait Detailed (ROM, GRF, Muscle action) > Flashcards

Gait Detailed (ROM, GRF, Muscle action) Flashcards

1
Q

Initial Contact Ankle

A

Ankle neutral/slightly dorsiflexed

GRF Posterior to the ankle

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2
Q

Loading Response (0-12%) Ankle

A

ROM:
Ankle reaches 5 degrees of plantarflexion at the middle of LR
Reaches neutral at end of LR (12%)

GRF:
@ IC, Sagittal Plane
GRF Posterior to ankle at initial contact

@ IC, Frontal Plane
GRF Lateral to subtalar joint

Muscle Action:
@IC, Sagittal Plane
Pretibial muscles eccentrically contract to produce internal dorsiflexor moment

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus

@IC, Frontal Plane
Tibialis posterior contracts eccentrically to produce internal inversion moment

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3
Q

Midstance (12-31%) Ankle

A

ROM: Ankle reaches 5 degrees of dorsiflexion at the middle of midstance

GRF: GRF is anterior to the ankle creating external dorsiflexor moment

Muscle Action:

Sagittal Plane
Eccentric contraction of plantarflexors

Tricpes Surae
Tibialis Posterior

Frontal Plane
Peroneals active to stabilize single limb support

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4
Q

Terminal Stance at Ankle (31-50%)

A

ROM: Ankle reaches 10 degrees of dorsiflexion at the end of terminal stance

GRF: GRF even more anterior to the ankle, creating larger external dorsiflexor moment

Muscle Action:

Sagittal Plane

Peak muscle activity of plantarflexors to generate internal dorsiflexion moment

Triceps Surae
Tibialis Posteior

Frontal

Peroneals still active to stabilize subtalar joint in single limb support

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5
Q

Preswing (50-62%)

A

ROM: Begins dorsiflexed but plantarflexes to 15 degrees by the end of preswing

GRF: GRF still anterior to ankle. Has less affect on ankle joint because it is partially unweighted

Muscle Action:

Sagittal

Dorsiflexors start to concentrically fire late preswing to prepare for foot clearance

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus

Frontal

No muscle action

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6
Q

Swing (62-100%)

A

ROM:
Dorsiflexes to 5 degrees plantarflexed by the end of Initial swing
Continues to dorsiflex, reaching neutral by the beginning of Midswing, maintained through terminal swing

GRF:
None

Muscle Action:

Dorsiflexors reach have peak muscle activity

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus

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7
Q

Loading Response (0-12%) Knee

A

ROM:
@IC Knee neutral or flexed 5 degrees
Knee flexes to 15 degrees by late loading response

GRF:
@IC, early LR
GRF anterior to knee joint, thus creating external extension torque
Through loading response, GRF moves posterior to the knee, creating external flexion torque

Muscle Action:

Through loading response

Quadriceps eccentrically contract to create internal knee flexion moment

Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis

Hamstrings active to assist with hip position

Gracilis
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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8
Q

Midstance (12-31%) Knee

A

ROM:
Knee extends to 5 degrees of flexion by late midstance

GRF:
GRF anterior to the knee a very minimal distance

Muscle Action:

None

Very small extensor external extensor moment counteracted by ligaments and the posterior capsule

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9
Q

Terminal Stance (31-50%) Knee

A

ROM: Knee continues to be in 5 degrees of flexion until late terminal stance

GRF:
GRF moving further anterior to the knee creating greater external extensor moment

Muscle Action:

Biceps femoris eccentrically contracting to prevent hyperextension, peak eccentric contraction

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10
Q

Pre Swing (50-62%) Knee

A

ROM:
Knee flexes to 40 degrees by late preswing which contributes to foot clearance during swing

GRF:
GRF posterior to the knee creating external knee flexion moment

Muscle Action:

Rectus femoris performs peak eccentric contraction to restrain rapid passive knee flexion

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11
Q

Initail Swing (62-75%) Knee

A

ROM:
Knee flexes to 60 degrees to assist with toe clearance

GRF:
None

Muscle Action:

Peak concentric contraction of knee flexors

Biceps Femoris
Gracilis
Sartorius

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12
Q

Midswing (75-87%)

A

ROM:
Knee extends to 25 degrees of flexion

GRF:
None

Muscle Action:

Gracilis and Biceps Femoris eccentrically contract to control passive extension of knee (tibial momentum)

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13
Q

Terminal swing (87-100%)

A

ROM:
Knee extends to 5 degrees of flexion by late terminal swing
TO achieve maximal step length

GRF:

None

Muscle Action:

Quadriceps contract to ensure enough knee extension is achieved before IC

Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis

Hamstrings have peak eccentric contraction to slow thigh down

Gracilis
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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14
Q

Loading Response (0-12%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip is flexed 20 degrees
Until late loading response it begins extending

GRF:
GRF is Anterior to the hip creating external hip flexor moment

Muscle Activity:

Sagittal Plane

Hip extensors and hamstrings eccentrically contract to create internal hip extensor moment

Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Magnus
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Frontal Plane

Hip Abductors eccentrically contract to stabilize pelvis

Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Upper Gluteus maximus fibers

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15
Q

Midstance (12-31%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip extends to neutral by late midstance

GRF:
GRF goes through the hip, no external moment

Muscle Activity:

Sagittal plane

No muscles contracting

Frontal Plane

Hip Abductors firing to stabilize pelvis during single limb support

Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Upper fibers

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16
Q

Terminal stance (31-50%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip reaches 20 degrees hyperextension by late terminal stance
Allowing body to advance pass foot

GRF:
GRF is posterior to hip creating an external extensor moment

Muscle Activity:

Sagittal plane
No muscle needed to create internal flexor moment
Illiofemoral ligament anterior to the hip joint create a passive moment

Frontal plane
Some tensor fascia latae activity

17
Q

Preswing (50-62%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip flexes to 15 degrees hyperextension by the end of Preswing

GRF:
GRF plays minimal role because foot is partially not weight bearing

Muscle Activity:

HIp flexors concentrically contract to advance thigh

Adductor longus
Gracilis
Sartorius

18
Q

Initial Swing (60-75%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip continues to flex to 15 degrees of flexion by the end of Initial swing

GRF:

None

Muscle Activity:

Hip flexors create peak concentric contraction to advance thigh

Rectus femoris
Illiacus
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Sartorius
19
Q

MidSwing (75-87%) Hip

A

ROM:
Hip continues to flex until it reaches 25 degrees of flexion at the middle of midswing after which it begins to extend

GRF:

None

Muscle Activity:

Gracilis is active to maintain thigh advancement

Hamstrings start to eccentrically contract to decelerate thigh

20
Q

Terminal Swing (87-100%)

A

ROM:
Hip is extending to 20 degrees of hip flexion where it prepares for initial contact

Hip reaches

GRF:
None

Muscle Activity:

Hamstrings need peak power to decelerate leg

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

Gluteals start to contract to prepare for initial contact in frontal plane

Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Upper Gluteus maximus fibers

Orthotic Study (45 decks)

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