Neuromuscular Disorder Summary Flashcards
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
UPPER AND LOWER motor neuron disorder
Degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons
NOT myelin related
Etiology Unknown
Loss of ability to control voluntary movement Spasticity Muscle Atrophy Difficulty - speaking - swallowing - breathing
DOES NOT AFFECT SENSATION
Cognitive function generally spared
Steadily worsening symptoms
Eventually fatal
Multiple Sclerosis
UPPER Motor Neuron
Chronic Inflammatory disease of the CNS
Characterized by demyelination
May be autoimmune, genetic
Ataxia- inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement Spasticity Tremor Muscle weakness Muscle paralysis SENSATION impairments Visual problems Neurogenic bladder and bowel Speech/Cognition problems
Different Types (benign, relapse remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive)
Guilian-Barre
LOWER motor neuron
ACQURIED, AUTOIMMUNE
Immune system attacks PERIPHERAL nerves
Typically follows viral or bacterial infection
Results in MYELIN inflammation, blockage of nerve conduction
Motor, SENSORY and autonomic nerve failure
ASCENDING SYMMETRICAL WEAKNESS IN LOWER AND UPPER EXTREMITY
Muscle Weakness Difficulty - swallowing - breathing Inability to move eyes
SENSATION may be affected
Following acute onset, most patients gradually improve and recover
Some left with life long disability
Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT)
LOWER motor neuron
GENETIC/HEREDITARY
DEMYELINATING PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
SCHWANN cells are damaged
Progressive loss of muscle tissue Muscle weakness in arms and legs LOSS of TOUCH SENSATION Foot Drop PES CAVUS NEUROPATHIC PAIN
Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
UPPER motor neuron disorder
NOT myelin affected
Death of Dopamine generating cells in substantia nigra region of the midbrain
Cause is unknown
Tremors
Rigidity
Postural instability
Difficulty walking
