16Pf

Question 1

He developed the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

Answer 1

Raymond Cattell

Question 2

After the raw scores on the 16 factors are obtained they are then converted to what type of score?

Answer 2

Sten scores

Question 3

The raw score on Impression Management index is converted to what type of score?

Answer 3

Percentile Rank

Question 4

Historically, the basic scales of the 16PF have been labeled with letters (e.g., Factor A, Factor B, etc., through Factor Q4). The fifth edition continues the tradition of using factor letters and also provides “common-language” names for each scale.

Answer 4

Primary Factor Scales

Question 5

Each scale in 16PF has two poles. This means that the scales in 16PF are _____ in nature. (Hint: Mood Disorder)

Answer 5

Bipolar

Question 6

In addition to the 16 primary scales, the 16PF contains a set of 5 scales that combine related primary scales called _____.

Answer 6

Global Factors

Question 7

This scale measures the tendency of testtakers to answer “true” to an item, no matter what its content.

Answer 7

Acquiescence Scale
Acquiescence

Question 8

This scale measures the tendency of testtakers to answer “b” on most of the items, representing the uncertain or cannot decide option.

Answer 8

Infrequency Scale
Infrequency

Question 9

This factor is composed of items concerning the ability to solve problems (concrete or abstract).

Answer 9

Reasoning

Question 9

What is the average completion time of 16PF through paper-and-pencil administration?

Answer 9

35-50 minutes

Question 10

The 16PF is composed of how many items?

Answer 10

185

Question 11

This factor may include high scores on Warmth, Liveliness, and Social Boldness together with low scores on Privateness and Self-Reliance. The factor is called _____.

Answer 11

Extraversion

Question 12

Low scorers on this factor can be described as accommodating, agreeable, and selfless.

Answer 12

Independence

Question 12

In this factor, high scorers tend to be able to inhibit their impulses. They simply do not value flexibility or spontaneity.

Answer 12

Self-control

Question 13

High scorers on this factor may portray a sense of being “established” possibly to the degree of being set or fixed while low scorers are described to be receptive, open-minded, and intuitive. The factor is called _____.

Answer 13

Tough-mindedness

Question 14

The degree of this factor in the testtaker is determined by measuring the individual’s Emotional Stability, Vigilance, Apprehension, and Tension.

Answer 14

Anxiety

Question 15

SCORING

Answer 15

• Step 1: Score the Test
  
  • Step 2: Convert Raw Scores to Sten Scores
  • Step 3: Calculate Global Factor Sten Scores
  • Step 4: Profile Sten Scores

Question 16

The test, which can be administered individually or in a group setting, takes _______ to complete by hand or _______ to complete by computer.

Answer 16

35 to 50 minutes
25 to 35 minutes

Question 17

RESPONSE STYLE INDICES

Answer 17

Impression Management (IM) Scale.
Infrequency (INF) Scale.
Acquiescence (ACQ).

Question 18

This bipolar scale consists of 12 items. The items are scored only on the
scale and do not contribute to any of the primary personality scales. is essentially a social-desirability scale, with
high scores reflecting socially desirable responses and low scores reflecting willingness to admit undesirable
attributes or behaviors. The item content reflects both socially desirable and undesirable behaviors or qualities.

Answer 18

Impression Management (IM) Scale.

Question 19

consists of 32 items taken from the full set of personality items in the fifth
edition. High scores indicate that an examinee answered a relatively large number of items in a way
different from most people. Possible explanations include random responding, inability to
decide, reactions to specific item content, reading or comprehension difficulties, or trying to avoid making the
“wrong impression.
”

Answer 19

Infrequency (INF) Scale.

Question 20

INF is scored by tallying the number of “_” responses in the set of __items. Simply score 1 point for each b-response,
and 0 points otherwise. Raw scores of _________ relative to the norm sample,
and are considered to be high.

Answer 20

b
32
7 or greater fall at or above the 95th percentile

Question 21

measures the tendency to answer “true” to an item, no matter what its content.
This scale, which consists of 103 true-or-false items, is unique to the 16PF 5th edition. Its utility will be determined by
test users in applications of the fifth edition.

Answer 21

Acquiescence (ACQ).

Question 22

ACQ is scored by tallying the number of TRUE responses in the subset of _______contained within
the 16PF. For each item, an “a” response (TRUE) receives 1 point; otherwise, 0. As with the other response style
scales, scores above the 95th percentile on the ACQ scale signify the possibility of an acquiescent response set. _______ exceed the 95th percentile and are considered high. The testing professional should try to
determine whether the high score reflects random, inconsistent or indecisive responding, or a high need for
approval.

Answer 22

103 True-False questions
Raw
scores of 70 or higher

Question 22

GLOBAL FACTOR INTERPRETIVE INFORMATION

Answer 22

Extraversion. Anxiety Tough-Mindedness Independence Self Control

Question 23

Cattell originally called this global factor “Cortertia, ” an abbreviation for “Cortical alertness” . High scorers on Cortertia were described as alert and tending to deal withp problems at a dry cognitive level. The factor later assumed the more popularized term “Tough Poise. ”

Answer 23

Tough-Mindedness.

Question 23

has been described since early studies of personality, and continues to be described in studies of the “big-five” dimensions of personality.

Answer 23

Anxiety

Question 24

revolves around the tendency to be actively and forcefully self-determined in one’s thinking and actions.

Answer 24

Independence

Question 25

concerns curbing one’s urges. High scorers tend to be able to inhibit their impulses and may do so in several ways, depending on the pattern of scores on the related primary factor scales.

Answer 25

Self-Control

Question 26

PRIMARY FACTOR INTERPRETIVE INFORMATION

Answer 26

Factor A (Warmth): Warm versus Reserved. Factor B (Reasoning): Abstract versus Concrete. Factor C (Emotional Stability): Emotionally Stable versus Reactive. Factor E (Dominance): Dominant versus Deferential. Factor F (Liveliness): Lively versus Serious. Factor G (Rule Consciousness): Rule Conscious versus Expedient. Factor H (Social Boldness): Socially Bold versus Shy. Factor I (Sensitivity): Sensitive versus Utilitarian. Factor I (Sensitivity): Sensitive versus Utilitarian. Factor M (Abstractedness): Abstracted versus Grounded. Factor N (Privateness): Private versus Forthright. Factor O (Apprehension): Apprehensive versus Self-Assured. Factor Q1 (Openness to Change): Open to Change versus Traditional. Factor Q2 (Self-Reliance): Self-Reliant versus Group-Oriented. Factor Q3 (Perfectionism): Perfectionistic versus Tolerates Disorder. Factor Q4 (Tension): Tense versus Relaxed.

Question 27

addresses the tendency to be warmly involved with people versus the tendency to be more reserved socially and interpersonally; both poles are normal. people tend to be more cautions in involvement and attachments. They tend to like working alone, often on mechanical, intellectual, or artistic pursuits. people tend to have more interest in people and to prefer occupations dealing with people. They tend to be comfortable in situations that call for closeness with other people.

Answer 27

Factor A (Warmth): Warm versus Reserved.

Question 28

The scale is composed of 15 items concerning the ability to solve problems using reasoning. The is described as a brief measure of reasoning or intelligence, although it is not intended as a replacement for more reliable, full-length measures of mental ability. Therefore, cautious interpretations are in order. Even though Reasoning is not a personality trait, it is included in the 16PF because cognitive style moderates the expression of many personality traits.

Answer 28

Factor B (Reasoning): Abstract versus Concrete.

Question 29

This factor largely concerns feelings about coping with day-to-day life and its challenges. High scorers tend to take life in stride and to manage events and emotions in a balanced, adaptive way. Low scorers feel a certain lack of control over life. Low scorers tend to react to life, whereas high scorers make adaptive or proactive choices in managing their lives. This factor has an element of emotional well-being. However, an extremely high score on this scale can indicate that an examinee may be strongly disinclined to report, or even to experience, so-called “negative” feelings.

Answer 29

Factor C (Emotional Stability): Emotionally Stable versus Reactive.

Question 30

Factor exuberance is compared to the natural self-expression and spontaneity exhibited by children before they learn self-control. High scorers are enthusiastic, spontaneous, and attention-seeking; they are lively and drawn to stimulating social situations. Extreme scores may reflect a flighty quality that is seen as unreliable or immature.

Answer 30

Factor F (Liveliness): Lively versus Serious.

Question 30

This factor involves the tendency to exert one’s will over others (Dominance) versus accommodating others’ wishes (Deference).

Answer 30

Factor E (Dominance): Dominant versus Deferential.

Question 31

This factor addresses the extent to which cultural standards of right and wrong are internalized and used to govern behavior. It has been associated with the psychoanalytic concept of superego, in which moral ideals from the culture and environment are internalized and used to control the id impulses of self-gratification. High scorers tend to perceive themselves as strict followers of rules, principles, and manners. In previous editions, high scorers are described as those who endorse conventional cultural values in their responses to Factor items. Rule-conscious people emphasize the importance of conformance to regulations, depicting themselves as rule-bound, conscientiousness, and persevering. They can be perceived as staid, inflexible, or self-righteous because of their dogmatism.

Answer 31

Factor G (Rule Consciousness): Rule Conscious versus Expedient.

Question 32

The content of Factor scale focuses on people’s sensitivities and sensibilities; that is, high scorers tend to base judgments on personal tastes and aesthetic values, whereas low scorers tend to have a more utilitarian focus.

Answer 32

Factor I (Sensitivity): Sensitive versus Utilitarian.

Question 33

This factor relates to the tendency to trust versus being vigilant about others’ motives and intentions. High scorers expect to be misunderstood or taken advantage of, and they experience themselves as separate from other people.

Answer 33

Factor L (Vigilance): Vigilant versus Trusting.

Question 34

Factor addresses the type of things to which people give thought and attention. people are more oriented to internal mental processes and ideas rather than to practicalities. people focus on their senses, observable data, and the outer realities of their environment in forming their perceptions. In previous editions, this factor is linked to the Jungian perceiving functions, Sensation versus Intuition.

Answer 34

Factor M (Abstractedness): Abstracted versus Grounded.

Question 35

High scorers tend to say that they are sensitive and worry too much about things they have done, that they are hurt if people dislike them, and that they tend to be too self-critical. Low scorers say that they worry less than most people, they usually are not upset if people dislike them, and they do not spend time thinking about what they should have said but didn’t.

Answer 35

Factor O (Apprehension): Apprehensive versus Self-Assured.

Question 35

High scorers say that they tend to keep problems to themselves rather than discussing them with friends, that they have difficulty talking about personal matters, and that people find them hard to get close to. Low scorers say that they tend to talk about their feelings readily and that they give more than minimal responses to personal questions.

Answer 35

Factor N (Privateness): Private versus Forthright.

Question 36

This factor tends to be about maintaining contact with or proximity to others.

Answer 36

Factor Q2 (Self-Reliance): Self-Reliant versus Group-Oriented.

Question 37

High scorers tend to think of ways to improve things and to enjoy experimenting. If they perceive the status quo as unsatisfactory or dull, they are inclined to change it. Low scorers tend to prefer traditional ways of looking things. They don’t question the way things are done. They prefer life to be predictable and familiar, even if life is not ideal.

Answer 37

Factor Q1 (Openness to Change): Open to Change versus Traditional.

Question 38

. High scorers tend to become frustrated too quickly with people, to get annoyed by changes in plans, and to become restless and fidgety when waiting for something. Low scorers are not bothered by people interrupting them, find it easy to be patient, and don’t tend to get as restless and fidgety as most people when waiting.

Answer 38

Factor Q4 (Tension): Tense versus Relaxed.

Question 39

High scorers say that they keep their belongings in tip-top shape, they like to have things done just right, they plan ahead, and they believe that any job should be done thoroughly if it is to be done at all. Low scorers say that they do not mind if their room is messy, they do not always take time to think ahead of everything needed for a job, and they think that some jobs don’t have to be done as carefully as others.

Answer 39

Factor Q3 (Perfectionism): Perfectionistic versus Tolerates Disorder.