ETHICS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Question 1

refers to the principles of morally right conduct accepted by a
person or a group or considered appropriate to a specific field (APA,
n.d.)
refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying
out research. We have a moral responsibility to protect research
participants from harm

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 1

Ethics refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying
out research. We have a moral responsibility to protect research
participants from harm (_______)

Answer 1

McLeod, 2023

Question 2

a committee that reviews research involving human subjects to ensure
that the research is ethical and protects the rights of participants

Answer 2

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 3

After the _____, ethics came to the forefront after the discoveries of
brutal experiments conducted on ________ by about ______

Answer 3

WWII
Jewish concentration camp
prisoners
200 Nazi doctors

Question 4

During the international trials that followed the war (_____), a code of ethical standards for
scientific research was created

Answer 4

the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials

Question 5

3 Ethical Principles

Answer 5

Respect for Persons
Beneficence
Justice

Question 6

____: ________,_______, and______ issued the ______ (a statement of government policy on research involving human subjects)

Answer 6

1979
US Department of Health
Education
Welfare
Belmont Report

Question 7

Subject agrees to participate after having been fully informed about the
nature of the study

Answer 7

Informed Consent

Question 8

Informed Consent
Should be obtained in ____

Answer 8

writing

Question 9

What is the process if the subject is a minor or is cognitively impaired?
Consent forms need to be written in clear, understandable language at the
appropriate reading level of the participants
Content:

Answer 9

Nature of the experiment
Overview of the procedures
How long it will take
Potential risks and benefits
What they will be required to do

Question 10

The relationship between researcher and participants should be as
open and honest as possible
However, experimenters sometimes mislead participants about the true
purpose of an experiment

Answer 10

Deception and Full Disclosure

Question 11

The subject should have a way to contact the investigator following
participation in the research as even the most scrupulously ethical project of
the minimal-risk sort may have unintended effects

Answer 11

Protection from Harm and Debriefing

Question 12

• the experimented explains the general purpose of the research;
  the researcher completely describes the manipulations so that any questions or
  misunderstandings may be removed

Answer 12

DEBRIEFING

Question 13

Participants should be allowed to decline to participate or to withdraw at any
time

Answer 13

Freedom to Withdraw

Question 14

It is the experimenter
’s responsibility to protect the privacy of research
participants
Whenever possible, data should be collected anonymously and
identified by code numbers of fictitious names
unless otherwise stated
Data must be stored in a secure place, kept confidential, and used only
for purposes explained to the subject

Answer 14

Anonymity and Confidentiality

Question 15

• humane care and treatment of animals

Answer 15

Animal welfare

Question 16

evaluates animal research before it can be conducted
Scientists, laypersons, as well as a veterinarian with
expertise in animal laboratory science

Answer 16

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Question 17

: if the concept of legal and moral rights can
be applied to human research, it can also be applied in the
same way to animal research

Answer 17

Rollin (1985)

Question 18

all sensate species, particularly those that feel pain, are of
equal value and have equal rights

Answer 18

The Animal Rights Movement

Question 19

The essence of this debate was highlighted on ____, when the heart of a healthy baboon was transplanted into
a dying newborn baby

Answer 19

October 26,
1984

Question 20

has pointed out that psychological experiments
with animals have led to treatments of many psychological
problems (such as depression, OCD, enuresis, and anorexia
nervosa)
Studying animals has also advanced our knowledge of human
behavior in the areas of perception, conditioning, learning,
memory and stress

Answer 20

Miller (1985)

Question 21

Animal feel pain and their lives can be destroyed, as is true of
humans
Destroying or harming any living thing is dehumanizing to the
human scientist
Claims about scientific progress being helped by animal
research are a form of racism

Answer 21

Arguments Against Research with Animals

Question 22

Scientific progress at the expense of animals is simply ____ - belief that the sacrifice of members of other
species is justified if our species is benefited

Answer 22

speciesism

Question 23

Psychologists acquire, care for, use, and dispose of animals in
compliance with current federal, state, and local laws and
regulations, and with professional standards

Answer 23

Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research (APA

Question 24

We report our findings and procedures honestly and accurately

Answer 24

FRAUD IN SCIENCE

Question 25

results are manipulated so as to make them look better

Answer 25

Cooking data”

Question 26

observations are reported that were not in fact made

Answer 26

Forging data”

Question 27

: Research articles submitted for publication are reviewed by the editor of the periodical and by several experts in the field before they can be accepted for publication

Answer 27

Safeguards

Question 28

If data have been falsified, it is unlikely that the experiment will be successfully ____

Answer 28

replicated

Question 29

Taking credit for someone else’s ideas, data, or words To represent someone else’s ideas, works as your own If you are using someone else’s words, you are obliged to use quotation marks with an appropriate citation. Slightly wording someone else’s writing is also inappropriate, especially without proper citation.

Answer 29

PLAGIARISM

Question 30

If the idea came from someone else, you should give that person credit even if you are not quoting him or her directly

Answer 30

Idea Plagiarism

Question 31

In a study (_______), half of the students who filled out a survey reported that they did not consider it plagiarism to cut and paste someone else ’s work into their own papers without citing the sources

Answer 31

McCabe, 2003

Question 32

The _________ formed the basis of today ’s ethical standard

Answer 32

Nuremberg Code of 1947