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Pharmacology III > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which sites do HSV 1 & 2 prefer?

A

1 - latent in trigeminal ganglia

2 - latent in sacral ganglia

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2
Q

What are the meds for herpes & how do they work & drug forms?

A
  1. Acyclovir - Zovirax
    - oral, topical, IV
  2. Valacyclovir - Valtrex
    - only oral

Prodrugs - prevent viral shedding

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3
Q

What is the MCC of severe diarrhea in children?

A

Rotavirus

Fecal-oral transmission

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4
Q

Who gets the rotavirus vaccine & how do you treat when you get it?

A

3 dose regimen to infants 6-32 wks

Self limiting - rehydration

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5
Q

What type of virus is RSV?

A

RNA

Readily inactivated w/ soap, water & disinfectants

MCC of bronchiolitis & PNA in kids <1yr

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6
Q

What is the vaccine & Tx for RSV?

A

Palivizumab - Synagis

Tx - Ribavirin aerosol

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7
Q

What are the 3 environments TB likes to be in?

A
  1. Extracellular - w/in lung cavities
  2. Inside granulomas
  3. W/in macrophages
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8
Q

What phase do TB drugs target?

A

Growth phase

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9
Q

What is typical therapy for TB?

A

8 weeks of

  1. Rifampin
  2. Isoniazid
  3. Pyrazinamide
  4. Ethambutol

Followed by 16 wks of:

  1. Rifampin
  2. Isoniazid
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10
Q

Can you use TB therapy in pregnant ladies & kids?

A

Pregnant ladies - yes

Kids - don’t use Ethambutol <5y/o

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11
Q

What is the most common side effect of all TB drugs?

A

Hepatotoxicity!!!

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12
Q

How does isoniazid work?

A

For TB

interferes w/ mycolic acid (cell wall)

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13
Q

What is the problem w/ slow/fast acetylators & isoniazid?

A

Slow - drug levels rise & may cause peripheral neuropathy

Fast - Make more metabolite & may cause hepatotoxicity

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14
Q

What drug interactions should you consider with isoniazid?

A

2C19 & 2D6

Careful w/ MAOIs

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15
Q

What drugs cause your tears to turn red?

A

Rifampin - TB Tx
Bactericidal
Used in active TB

Also urine & breast milk

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16
Q

How does ethambutol work?

A

Active TB Tx

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Bacteriostatic

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17
Q

How does pyrazinamide work?

A

Active TB Tx

Effects ATP - disrupts plasma membrane & energy metabolism

Bactericidal

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18
Q

ADRs ethambutol

A
  1. Optic neuritis - dec. acuity, scotoma, color blindness, visual defects
  2. Hepatotoxicity
  3. GI
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19
Q

ADRs pyrazinamide

A
  1. Hyperuricemia
  2. Hepatotoxicity
  3. Loss of glycemic control
  4. GI
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20
Q

How does streptomycin work?

A

Aminoglycoside abx

Interrupts formation of proteins

Injectable only

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21
Q

ADRs streptomycin

A

CN VIII

  1. Nephrotoxicity
  2. Neurotoxicity
  3. HOTN
  4. Ototoxicity - auditory & vestibular
22
Q

What are the 4-aminoquinolones & when are they used?

A
  1. Chloroquine

For active & prophylactic malaria

23
Q

What are the 4-methanoloquinolines & ADRs?

A

For active & prophylactic malaria
1. Mefloquine

Works in blood stage

CV changes & seizure inc, CNS

24
Q

What are the 8-aminoquinolines?

A
  1. Primaquine

For active & prophylactic malaria

Careful w/ G6PD deficiency

25
Q

What are the anti-folates for malaria?

A
  1. Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)

For active & prophylactic malaria

Careful in AIDS Pts (NNRTIs, PIs)

26
Q

What are the antimicrobials for malaria?

A
  1. Doxycylcine
  2. Tetracycline
  3. Clindamycin

Acts on shizonts - delay death mechanism
Only used in combo therapy

27
Q

What are the artemisinin derivatives?

A
  1. Artemether (Coartem)

Short 1/2 life

DO NOT use as monotherapy!

For active malaria

28
Q

What drugs would you use for a protozoal infection?

A
  1. Tinidazole (Tindamax)
  2. Iodoquinol (Yodoxin)
  3. Paromomycin
  4. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
29
Q

What can you treat w/ Metronidazole?

A
  1. C. Diff
  2. Amebiasis
  3. Giardiasis
  4. Trich
  5. Anaerobic infections

DO NOT drink!

30
Q

Why are helminth infections worse in kids?

A

We have Type II immunity

31
Q

What is the MC infestation throughout the world?

A

Ascaris wormies

32
Q

What classes of drugs would you use for a helminth infection?

A
  1. Benzimidazoles
  2. Ivermectin
  3. Praziquantel
  4. Pyrantel pamoate
33
Q

ADRs Albendazole

A

Type of Benzimidazole for helminth

  1. Bone marrow suppression
  2. Inc. liver transaminases
  3. HA
  4. Inc. ICP
  5. Dizziness, vertigo
  6. Ab pain, N/V
34
Q

ADRs Ivermectin

A

For Helminth - aka Stromectol
P-glycoprotein activity can reduce ivermectin levels in CNS

RARE - reactions prob due to wormie dying
1. Pruritis, fever, LN tenderness
2. Tachycardia
3. Eosinophilia, leukocytes dec., Hgb inc.
Get routine blood work!

35
Q

How is Praziquantel metabolized?

A

Major substrate of CYP3A4

Aka Biltricide

Rifampin dec. Praziquantel levels

36
Q

How do you Tx pinworms?

A

Pyrantel Pamoate aka Pin-X

Poor oral absorption

GI problems
Careful if hepatic impairment

37
Q

What are the azole antifungals?

A
  1. Triazole - Fluconazole

2. Imidazole - Ketoconazole

38
Q

What do you need to monitor when using Amphotericin B?

A
  1. Kidney & liver function
  2. Electrolytes
  3. Vital signs 4 hrs post infusion
39
Q

What do you give with amphotericin B to prevent some of the side effects?

A
  1. Acetaminophen
  2. Corticosteroid

Also give K supplementation w/ prolonged therapy, load w/ NaCl injection

40
Q

ADRs amphotericin B

A
  1. Fever & chills
  2. Tachypnea, stridor
  3. Nephrotoxicity
  4. Anemia
41
Q

What are the echinocandins?

A

Micafungin - Mycamine

42
Q

What are the meds for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Nasal corticosteroids
  2. Singulair
  3. Ipratropium nasal spray
  4. Cromolyn nasal spray
  5. Antihistamines
43
Q

What are the corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis?

A

Fluticasone nasal - Flonase

Need 1-2 wks of therapy until max efect

44
Q

What the the leukotriene modifiers for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Singulair - Montelukast

Improves rhinorrhea, sneezing & congestoin

45
Q

What are the mast cell stabilizers for allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Cromolyn nasal - NasalCrom

Reduce release of histamine from mast cells

Can work w/in 30 min

46
Q

What are the anticholinergics for allergic rhinitis, how does it work & ADRs?

A
  1. Ipratropium nasal - Atrovent

Blocks parasympathetic nerve effect - Vidian nerve is postganglionic parasympathetic

Can cause xerostomia & taste perversion
Tx of rhinorrhea

47
Q

What are the antihistamines for cold?

A
  1. Claritin - Loratadine
48
Q

What are the decongestants for cold & ADRs?

A

Pseudoephedrine - Sudafed

  1. CV
  2. Metabolic
  3. CNS
  4. Endocrine
49
Q

What are the antitussives for cold?

A
  1. Dextromethorphan - DelSym
    Depression of medullary cough center - sigma receptor stimulation
  2. Benzonanatate
    Intractable cough Tx
50
Q

At what age should children NOT receive OTC cold & cough meds?

A

<4 y/o

Pharmacology III (20 decks)

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