Chapter 6/13: Nutrients & Environmental Factors

Question 0

What elements comprise macronutrients?

Answer 0

C, N, P, S, O

Question 1

What two main groups of nutrients do microbes need?

Answer 1

Macronutrients, Micronutrients

Question 2

What is the function of macronutrients?

Answer 2

Build cellular structures

Question 3

What elements comprise micronutrients?

Answer 3

Na, Mg, Mn

Question 4

What are micronutrients required for?

Answer 4

Catalytic activity (co-factors)

Question 5

What is a minor function of micronutrients?

Answer 5

Build cellular structures

Question 6

Which cardinal names are used for distinguishing an organism’s carbon source?

Answer 6

Heterotrophs, Autotrophs

Question 7

Which cardinal names are used for distinguishing an organism’s electron source?

Answer 7

Organotroph, Lithotroph

Question 8

Which two cardinal names are used to distinguish an organism’s energy source?

Answer 8

Phototroph, Chemotroph

Question 9

What is the name for self-sufficient organisms that can synthesize all needed precursors from one carbon source and inorganic molecules?

Answer 9

Prototrophs

Question 10

What is the name for organisms that cannot synthesize all needed precursors from a single carbon source?

Answer 10

Auxotrophs

Question 11

What term describes organisms that must have nutrient supplements?

Answer 11

Fastidious

Question 12

What term describes the lowest available nutrient content that allows for cell growth?

Answer 12

Limiting factor

Question 13

What type of organisms require oxygen at atmospheric levels?

Answer 13

Obligate aerobes

Question 14

What type of organisms require oxygen and grow best with reduced oxygen?

Answer 14

Microaerophiles

Question 15

What type of organisms do not use oxygen and are not harmed by it?

Answer 15

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 16

What type of organisms cannot grow when oxygen is present?

Answer 16

Obligate anaerobes

Question 17

What type of organisms can use oxygen but also grow in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 17

Facultative anaerobes

Question 18

What cardinal group grows best at pH below 5.5?

Answer 18

Acidophiles

Question 19

What cardinal group grows best at pH 5.5 to 8.5?

Answer 19

Neutrophiles

Question 20

What cardinal group grows best at pH above 8.5?

Answer 20

Alkalophiles

Question 21

What two things in a cell does pH affect?

Answer 21

Proteins, PMF

Question 22

What type of reactions are dependent on water?

Answer 22

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 23

Which molecule’s formation is dependent on hydrolysis reactions?

Answer 23

ATP