17th C.

Question 1

Early 17th C

Answer 1

Dominated by modal system
Polyphonic
Prima practicca

Question 2

17th C. Developments

Answer 2

Vertical harmony
Melody and bass (basso continuo)
Ornamentation
New forms

Question 3

Musical developments

Answer 3

Stile recitativo
Basso continuo
Tonal System
Idiomatic instrumental writing

Question 4

Aesthetic changes

Answer 4

Primacy of words

Moving the passions

Question 5

Social/cultural changes

Answer 5

Patronage
Private music making
Concert life in London

Question 6

Development of tonal system

Answer 6

Moving through keys
Suspensions
Circle of fifths
Expressivity

Question 7

Emotion?

Answer 7

Emotion

Question 8

Opus V, sonata 3

Answer 8

Arcangelo Corelli
1700
Sonata for violin

Question 9

Sonata 3 structure

Answer 9

Structured around changes in tonality

Suspensions and circle of fifths

Question 10

Sonata 3 exploiting violin

Answer 10

Virtuosic
Double stopping
Melody and bass

Question 11

Sonata 3 emotion

Answer 11

Chains of 7ths build tension

Question 12

New opera

Answer 12

Move from stile rappresentativo to stile recitativo

Question 13

Stile rappresentativo

Answer 13

Expressive/dramatic

Question 14

Stile recitativo

Answer 14

Ordinary rhythms of speech

Question 15

II Combaltimento di Toncredi e Clarinda

Answer 15

Eight book of madrigals
Stile recitativo
Instruments used to represent battle
Claudio Manteverdi

Question 16

Lamento della Ninfa

Answer 16

Between 1614-1638

Eigth book of Madrigals

Question 17

Eighth book of Madrigals

Answer 17

1638

Claudio Monteverdi

Question 18

Lamento della Ninfa music

Answer 18

Solo over a ground bass
Modrigal style writing
3-part male voices

Question 19

Lamento della Ninfa expressivity

Answer 19

Dissonances
Range of approaches
Text at forefront

Question 20

Henry Purcell

Answer 20

1659-1695
Meaning of individual words
Expressive

Question 21

Hail! Bright Cecelia

Answer 21

1692
Text by Nicholas Brady
Honour of the feast day of the patron Saint of musicians

Question 22

Purcell using a mixture of old and new

Answer 22

Some movements focuss on solo and accompaniment

Others employ contrapuntal writing

Question 23

Le Nuovo Musiche

Answer 23

1602
Di Giulio Caccini
'the new music'
Developments of tonal harmony
Centred around the text

Question 24

Example of ‘the new music’

Answer 24

Amarilli mia bella

Question 25

How was Amarilla mia bella new

Answer 25

Just melody and bass | Scope for individual expression

Question 26

Seconda practicca

Answer 26

Words before polyphony Driven by harmony Easy tk understand and emotional

Question 27

Example of early 17th C. Music

Answer 27

Jestorum anime | Text unclear and not aimed at emotion

Question 28

Example of 17th C. Music developing

Answer 28

Sichio Vorreu Marire Monteverdi Simpler polyphony - can hear words Stronger Suspensions = emotion

Question 29

Example of want of emotion in music

Answer 29

From harmony to heavenly harmony Poem by John Dryden You should feel something when you hear music

Question 30

Claudio Monteverdi developments in 6th book of Madrigals

Answer 30

Slow development Formal structure dictated by the music Basso continuo Words are the mistress kf harmony

Question 31

Crisis of the 17th century

Answer 31

Economic crisis Social conventions collapsing Political confusion Catholics vs protestants

Question 32

How did the crisis lead to a revolution in music

Answer 32

Music open to the public as expression of political authority Propoganda and representation Disintegration of old social procedures

Question 33

Where does Concerto come from

Answer 33

Latin 'con-certore' meaning to compete or struggle together

Question 34

Monteverdi use of concerto in title of book 7

Answer 34

Highly indicative of the variety, mixture and plurality of the different music ingredients

Question 35

Lamento della ninfa division

Answer 35

3 parts | Nymph lamenting her fate in the middle and the choir of pastori on either side

Question 36

Monteverdi intro notes for lamento della ninfa

Answer 36

'sing according tk her emotions' | Shows the development of emotions

Question 37

Hail! Bright Cecilia structure

Answer 37

8 keys opening in D major | Much fugal material

Question 38

Monteverdi textures

Answer 38

Contrasts e.g somber bass solo vs full chorus

Question 39

Monteverdi hail ceclia representation

Answer 39

Highly symbolic e.g 'soul of the world' is a grand chorus as it represents the creation of the world