Opera

Question 1

What was opera mostly about?

Answer 1

Mythical stories

Question 2

Why did opera flourish in Italy?

Answer 2

States ij competition

Question 3

When did ‘public’ opera developer in Italy and where

Answer 3

Venice 1637

Question 4

Jacopo Peri Euridice

Answer 4

1600

Libretto= Ottavio Rinuccini

Question 5

How was Peris euridice fit for a wedding?

Answer 5

Ending changed to be happy

Question 6

Where was Peris Euridice first performed?

Answer 6

Pilti Palas, Florence

Question 7

Italian opera structure

Answer 7

Recitatives

Words structure the music

Question 8

What was the focus on in Italian opera?

Answer 8

Vocal music

Not a large role for Instruments

Question 9

Instrumentation of Italian Operas

Answer 9

Large scale

Question 10

Intermedio

Answer 10

Italian

Musical act inbetween acts of a play

Question 11

Castrati

Answer 11

Boys castrated in Italian opera to keeo high voices

Question 12

What does L’Orfeo have the same story as?

Answer 12

Euridice

Question 13

L’Orfeo

Answer 13

1607

Monteverdi

Question 14

Why was L’Orfeo different to other Italian operas e.g Euridice

Answer 14

Instrumentals e.g ritornelli

Emotion

Question 15

What was L’Orfeo written for and how is this shown?

Answer 15

Duke of Mantuas power display against his brother

Prologue praises the duke

Question 16

Italian operas use of instruments

Answer 16

Used in groups e.g just ww in underworld

Renaissance style

Question 17

L’Orfeo act 2

Answer 17

Greatest range of emotions

Rejoicing then tragedy at Euridice death

Question 18

What did Monteverdi start to do?

Answer 18

Write small public operas

Question 19

How did French Operas reflect the ruling style?

Answer 19

Absolute power of Louis XIV
Absolute control over opera by Jean Baptiste Lully
Palais Royale

Question 20

Differences between French and Italian opera

Answer 20

France had more dance
France had more lavish costumes and set
No Castrato voice in France
French recitative

Question 21

French recitative

Answer 21

Word based (like Aria)
Functional bass line
French

Question 22

Why was Lully careful to separate French and Italian Opera

Answer 22

Lully was Italian
Prologue always in praise of Louis XIV
Louis payed him so he didn’t have to make money

Question 23

Tragedie en musique

Answer 23

French
Love and duty
Drama in 5 acts about mythological subjects
Dance

Question 24

French instrumentation

Answer 24

Smaller
5-part string band
Travelled
Larger role for Instruments

Question 25

French harmonic repeating pattern

Answer 25

``` Chaconne = major Passacaylia = minor ```

Question 26

Lully, Persee, Act 3

Answer 26

1682 The Palace gardens Dancing, fight scenes and special effects Story of Perseus, son of Zeus, ans his fight Against Medusa

Question 27

What did Intermedio represent?

Answer 27

Gods/leaders

Question 28

Who's wedding was Euridice written for?

Answer 28

Maria de Medici and French King Henry IV

Question 29

The Ballet comique de la reine

Answer 29

French Showed the richness of King Henris reign Intrigated music, dance and drama with variety and splendour

Question 30

What did comic mean in ballet comique de la reine?

Answer 30

Beautiful, calm and happy conclusion

Question 31

How were the Intermedi virtuosic?

Answer 31

Solos, madrigals in elaborate counterpoint, accompanied choruses and sinfonias

Question 32

What Intermedi was an important precursor to opera and ballet

Answer 32

Florentine intermedi

Question 33

What principles of Intermedi formed the general principles for structuring theatrical dance and performance

Answer 33

Interlocking variations of basic material and music controlling poetry

Question 34

L'Orfeos advanced thinking

Answer 34

Inventive use if music to control pace/flow | Symbolic writing

Question 35

Dramatic centrepiece of Orfeo

Answer 35

Orfeos prayer to Carante Strophic variations over slow moving bass line Solemn sound of trombones mark underworld Strings represent Orpheuses lyre

Question 36

Northern Italian festivals

Answer 36

Showed theatre to the public

Question 37

Barbenni operas in Rome

Answer 37

1623 Started to divide into scene Travelling troupes began to present to the public

Question 38

Which troupe spread Roman operas?

Answer 38

Commedia dell'arte 1645 Large opera in French Court

Question 39

First public opera House in France

Answer 39

Palais Royale | 1670s

Question 40

How did Commedia Dell'arte influence French opera

Answer 40

French opera turned away from heroism and increasingly towards human love, influenced by Commedia Dell'arte imagery

Question 41

De capo aria

Answer 41

Aria in three parts 1) theme 2) contrasting 3) return of the theme

Question 42

J. C bach

Answer 42

Blended German and Italian traditions | Attractive to Mozart

Question 43

Haydn dates

Answer 43

1723-1809 | Life covered many musical changes

Question 44

Storm and stress and Haydn

Answer 44

Tempesta movement | Late 1770s = half his works minor

Question 45

Why was London important to Haydn?

Answer 45

Europe's largest city Received lots of praise 12 symphonies reinvented sonata form

Question 46

How did Haydn reinvent sonata form

Answer 46

2nd subject almost eliminated allowing more extended works

Question 47

Haydn and 'the creation'

Answer 47

Embraces his mature symphonic style hut also draws on Vuennese traditions and an English, Handelian one

Question 48

Mozart dates

Answer 48

1756-1791 | 24 yesrs after Haydn

Question 49

How did Mozart piano concertos enlarge the idea of Concertos

Answer 49

Added a sonata form in which solo episodes alternate with Ritornellos Dialogue between orchestra and piano Piano elaborated orchestral ideas

Question 50

Mozart finest manifestation of counterpoint

Answer 50

'Jupiter' | Piano symphonies fell out of favour = mozart in trouble

Question 51

Mozart first great opera

Answer 51

Idomeneo

Question 52

How did Mozart develop comic opera

Answer 52

Infusing it with a new humanity and depth | Characters recognisable and defined by their music

Question 53

Mozart and opera music

Answer 53

``` Music representations Defined class and situation of a character ```

Question 54

Mozart and the freemasons

Answer 54

Was a freemason from 1784 | Magic flute defines the age of enlightenment

Question 55

Opera worldwide

Answer 55

Each country has its own form of light opera | Italian = language of court opera so Italians held important positions

Question 56

Boccherini

Answer 56

Isolation in Spain = away from mainstream | Individuality

Question 57

Clementi

Answer 57

Pupil of Haydn and competed with Mozart before the Emporer | Experiments with pianoforte and developed thr nocturne style Chopin went on to use

Question 58

Beethkven6

Answer 58

Climax and dissolution of classical music