18. Joints and articulations Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the classifications of joints by function/movement?
Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot
These classifications describe how joints allow movement.
How are joints classified by mobility?
Immovable, slightly movable, freely movable
Examples include skull sutures (immovable), spine (slightly movable), and limbs (freely movable).
What are the three types of structural joints?
Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints
Each type has distinct characteristics regarding movement and connection.
What characterizes fibrous joints?
No cavity, connected by collagen
Examples include skull bones and teeth in sockets.
What distinguishes cartilaginous joints?
Connected by cartilage, no synovial cavity
Examples include growth plates and vertebral discs.
What is a defining feature of synovial joints?
Contain fluid-filled cavity with hyaluronic acid for lubrication
This type allows for a greater range of motion.
What significant changes occurred in the human pelvis during embryonic development?
Wider, shorter iliac blades compared to chimpanzees and gorillas
These adaptations facilitate bipedalism.
What are the implications of pelvic adaptations for bipedalism?
Influence on birth canal size and brain development
These adaptations have evolutionary significance.
What does research indicate about genetic programming related to joint development?
Occurs in cartilage before ossification
Understanding this may help explain vulnerability to osteoarthritis.
What unique ability do snapping shrimp possess regarding their claw joints?
Create cavitation bubbles and shockwaves
This allows movements faster than muscle alone could generate.
What method did researchers use to study collagen age in knee cartilage?
Carbon-14 from nuclear testing
This method provides insights into the timing of cartilage formation.
When is most articular cartilage collagen formed?
During early teens (12-15 years)
This period is critical for establishing joint structure.
What does the limited repair capacity of human cartilage suggest?
Humans cannot regenerate limbs like organisms such as axolotls
This highlights the importance of early joint health.
What are the implications of adolescence for joint development?
Activities during teen years influence lifelong joint structure and health
This raises questions about exercise types and intensity.
What future directions are suggested for joint health research?
Understanding genetic architecture, comparative studies, exercise interventions, recognizing evolutionary mismatch
These areas may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
