18 - Metaphor and Bilingualism Flashcards
What is the idea of joint activation? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Both languages are active, even if only one is being used
What is the bidirectional influence between languages? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Comprehension in L₁ can influence/or be influenced by L₂
What is parsimonious language? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Only activating a language when you need it
What two ways can managing languages be completed by? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Cognates
- Interlingual homographs
What are cognate? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
One word has the same meaning across languages
What are interlingual homographs? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Written the same but means something very different
What did Sijkstra (1999) find? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Bilinguals are faster at lexical decisions for cognates
- Monolinguals experience no effects
- Lexical access is not language specific
What did Lagrou (2011) find? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Influence on L₂ also extends to an auditory domain
- L₂ can influence your native language (even if you’re not fluent)
What did Thierry (2007) find about simultaneous language? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Semantically similar words
- No reaction time differnces
- Changes in ERP signal indicated semantic priming
- Same pattern in Chinese monolinguals
What did Morford et al (2011) find in relation to crossmodality? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Faster RT when words were related, in mutes
- Slower RT when words were unrelated
What is code switching? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Switching between languages, especially mid-conversating or mid-sentence
What is a verbal fluency task and what was found? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Name words staring with the letter …
- Bilinguals did this in the L₂ and were better at the task than when completed in L₁
What is the idea of executive functioning? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
Bilinguals have the ability to manage competing and overlapping systems by inhibiting L₁ or L₂
What is the relationship between bilingualism and age? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
The positive effects of bilingualism increase with age
How does theory of mind relate to bilinguals? (Bilingualism Cognitive)
- Bilinguals understand different people speak different languages
- Bilinguals learn TOM earlier
- Better performance of TOM tests
