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Pathophysiology > Chapter 3 Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

An infectious disease transmitted from human to human

A

Contagious or cummunicable

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2
Q

A single-called organism with simple structure and lacking a nucleus

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

The staining technique that permits the identification of bacteria

A

Gram stain

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4
Q

Process in which bacteria reproduce by splitting in half.

A

Binary fusion

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5
Q

Structures produced by bacteria and formed to cope with harsh environmental conditions

A

Endospores

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6
Q

A potent toxin from certain bacteria that cause life-threatening shock.

A

Endotoxin

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7
Q

Toxin that is immediately secreted as soon as the bacteria is made.

A

Exotoxin

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8
Q

infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts and has a core and a capsid (protein coat)

A

Virus

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9
Q

Protein coat of viruses

A

Capsid

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10
Q

Active infectious cycle where the virus invades, reproduces, kills and leaves.

A

Lytic phase

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11
Q

Cycle where virus hides in host DNA ie) herpes

A

Lysogenic phase

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12
Q

Single celled eukaryotes classified by their motility

A

Protozoa

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13
Q

A type of Protozoa that moves with a pseudopodia or crawls

A

Amoeboid

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14
Q

A type of Protozoa that moves using a whip like appendage.

A

Flagellate

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15
Q

A type of Protozoa that moves using hairlike cilia.

A

Ciliate

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16
Q

An immobile Protozoa, most deadly ie) malaria

A

Sporozoan

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17
Q

Cell membrane extensions used for locomotion of phagocytosis

A

Pseudopodia

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18
Q

Whip-like appendage used for locomotion

A

Flagella

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19
Q

Hairlike projections

A

Cilia

20
Q

Single or multicelled organism with cell walls that contain a special polysaccharide called chitin

A

Fungi

21
Q

Specialized filaments that absorb nutrients from their surroundings.

A

Mycelia

22
Q

Reproductive structures of fungi, known as allergens

A

Spores

23
Q

Fungal infection

A

Mycoses

24
Q

Parasitic worms

A

Helminths

25
Q

Infections involving wormlike animals called helminths

A

Infestation

26
Q

Animal that transmit pathogenic microorganisms to humans

A

Arthropod vector

27
Q

A host that serves as a source of infection to humans

A

Reservoir host

28
Q

The spread of an infectious agent from one person to another, usually through contact with contaminated material

A

Horizontal Transmission

29
Q

The transfer of a disease, condition or trait from one generation to the next

A

Vertical transmission

30
Q

The study of the causes, distribution and control of disease in populations

A

Epidemiology

31
Q

The number of new cases of a disease in a population

A

Incidence

32
Q

The number of existing cases of a disease

A

Prevalence

33
Q

Describes a disease that is always present at low levels in a population.

A

Endemic

34
Q

The occurrence of a disease in unusually large numbers over a specific area

A

Epidemic

35
Q

Describes an epidemic that has spread to include several large areas worldwide

A

Pandemic

36
Q

The sudden occurrence of a disease, in unexpected numbers in a limited area, which then subsides.

A

Outbreak

37
Q

Diseases under surveillance that must be reported by physicians to the CDC

A

Notifiable diseases

38
Q

Keeping an infected person at home or at the hospital as a way if controlling the transmission of infectious diseases

A

Isolation

39
Q

The separation of persons who may or may not be infected from healthy people until the period of infectious risk has passed

A

Quarantine

40
Q

Reducing the risk of infection or contamination

A

Disinfection

41
Q

The destruction of all living microorganisms

A

Sterilization

42
Q

Drugs used to treat bacterial infections

A

Antibiotic

43
Q

Resistance arising when bacteria adapt to antibiotics and he adaptation becomes common in the bacterial population, rendering the antibiotics

A

Antibiotic resistances

44
Q

A low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or virus that stimulates an immune response

A

Vaccine

45
Q

A disease that is new or a disease that has long existed but has become a new problem

A

Emergent disease

46
Q

Diseases that cannot be transmitted from person to person

ie) rabies

A

Noncommunicable

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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