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Pathophysiology > Chapter 6- Cardiovascular Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards

0
Q

Internal lining of the smooth muscle of the heart

A

Endocardium

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1
Q

Circulatory system that delivers oxygen & nutrients; carries waste products

A

Heart

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2
Q

Thickened artery wall due to calcium deposits. ‘Hardening of the arteries.’

A

Arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

Lipid plaque accumulated on blood vessel walls

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

Fatty deposits in the walls of arteries

A

Plaque

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5
Q

A deficiency of blood supply to any organ. Dead tissue.

A

Ischemia

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6
Q

Disease due to arteriosclerosis and/or atherosclerosis

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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7
Q

Dead tissue that occurs due to lack of blood flow

A

Infarction

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8
Q

temporary chest pain or sensation of chest pressure caused by transient oxygen insufficiency

A

Angina pectoris

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9
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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10
Q

Agents that dissolve blood clots

A

Thrombolytic

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11
Q

A procedure where a balloon catheter is inserted into the coronary arteries and expanded to break and crush plaque

A

Angioplasty

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12
Q

A serious heart condition in which the rt side of the heart fails as a result of long standing chronic lung disease

A

Cor pulmonale

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13
Q

A bluish color of the skin due to lack of oxygen

A

Cyanosis

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14
Q

Constriction or narrowing of a passage or orifice

A

Stenosis

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15
Q

Difficult or labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

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16
Q

A narrowing of the aorta

A

Coarctation

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17
Q

Fainting caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain

A

Syncope

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18
Q

Disease caused by strep throat that causes permanent damage to the valves

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease

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19
Q

Small nodular structures composed of bacteria and clots that form along the edge of cusps in the valve opening

A

Vegetations

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20
Q

Tiny red or purple spots caused by minute blood vessels that rupture in the skin

A

Petechiae

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21
Q

The forming of blood clots on blood vessel walls

A

Thrombosis

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22
Q

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel

A

Thrombus

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23
Q

undissolved material carried by the blood and impacted in some part of the vascular system,

A

Embolus

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24
Q

A localized dilation caused by a weakening in the wall of a blood vessel

A

Aneurysm

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25
Q

An inflammation of a vein, usually in the leg

A

Phlebitis

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26
Q

Distended vein showing up on the surface of the skin

A

Varicose veins

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27
Q

Anal varices

A

Hemorrhoid

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28
Q

elevation of the blood pressure, especially the diastolic pressure.

A

Hypertension

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29
Q

Impulses are prevented from flowing from the atria to the ventricles because of a damaged route (ie MI) and thus the heart rate and EKG are altered

A

Heart Block

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30
Q

Quivering or spontaneously uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers, such as hear ventricles

A

fibrillation

31
Q

A deviation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

A

Arrhythmia

32
Q

Fast heart rate

A

Tachycardia

33
Q

Slow heart rate

A

Bradycardia

34
Q

Results from fluid volume loss after severe hemorrhage or loss of plasma in burn patients

A

Hypovolemic shock

35
Q

Condition due to generalized vasodilation resulting from decreased vasomotor tone

A

Neurogenic shock

36
Q

A severe inflammation brought on by a severe antigen-antibody reaction
ie) incompatible blood transfusion

A

Anaphylactic shock

37
Q

The result of extensive myocardial infarction; often fatal

A

Cardiogenic shock

38
Q

Listening with a stethoscope for sounds within the body

A

Auscultation

39
Q

An electrical recording of the heart action that aids in diagnosis of heart maladies

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

40
Q

A noninvasive procedure (ultrasound cardiography) that examines the sound waves to determine the size, shape and motion of the heart structures

A

Echocardiography

41
Q

An X-ray of the heart and great vessels in which a contrast dye is injected into the cardiovascular system

A

Angiocardiography

42
Q

The cardiac muscle found in the chamber walls of the heart

A

Myocardium

43
Q

The double membranous sack that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

44
Q

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

45
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. It has 3 cusps

A

Tricuspid valve

46
Q

The alternate contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricles

A

Cardiac cycle

47
Q

The period of the heartbeat when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

A

Diastole

48
Q

The period of the heartbeat when the heart contracts and pumps the blood

A

Systole

49
Q

The pacemaker of the heart, a small patch of tissue that initiates the heartbeat

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

50
Q

part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers

A

Atrioventricular (AV) node

51
Q

The specialized tissue in heart muscle capable of sending the impulse for contraction to the ventricles

A

Bundle branches

52
Q

The specialized heart tissue that conducts the impulse for contraction to the myocardium

A

Purkinje fibers

53
Q

a blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to any part of the body.

A

Artery

54
Q

The largest artery in the body; carries blood away from the heart to the arteries

A

Aorta

55
Q

one of the system of branching vessels or tubes conveying blood from various parts of the body to the heart.

A

Vein

56
Q

The two largest veins in the body

A

Vena cava

57
Q

one of the minute blood vessels between the terminations of the arteries and the beginnings of the veins.

A

Capillary

58
Q

Lipid deposit on the primary injury of atherosclerosis

A

Atheroma

59
Q

Localized uniform dilation of a vessel

A

Fusiform aneurysm

60
Q

Localized dilation of a vessel in one direction

A

Saccular aneurysm

61
Q

Localized dilation of a vessel that may remit and relapse

A

Pulsating aneurysm

62
Q

Localized dilation of a vessel where the vessel wall splits and collapses the blood vessel
ie) AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Dissecting aneurysm

63
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

64
Q

Hyper-reactive vessels to temperature change

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

65
Q

Tumor of the blood vessel

A

Hemangioma

66
Q

Inflammation of the vessels

A

Vasculitis

67
Q

PVC

A

Premature ventricular contraction

68
Q

AED

A

Artificial External Defibrillator

69
Q

Small incision that generates scar tissue around ectopic

A

Ablative surgery

70
Q

Electrical conduction in the wrong location

A

Ectopic pacemaker

71
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue filled with exudate

A

Congestive heart disease

72
Q

Asymptomatic CHD

A

Compensated CHD

73
Q

CHD where symptoms appear

A

Uncompensated CHD

74
Q

Valve bends backward causing back flow

A

Prolapse valve

75
Q

Infection in the hear caused by a bacteria that can break loose and spread throughout the body

A

Infectious Endocarditis

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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