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Pathophysiology > Chapter 4 Neoplasms > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Neoplasms Flashcards

0
Q

A mass of new cells that grows in haphazard fashion with no useful function; a tumor

A

Neoplasm

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1
Q

Tumor growth

A

Neoplasia

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2
Q

A noncancerous neoplasm or tumor

A

Benign

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3
Q

A neoplasm or tumor that spreads and possibly causes death

A

Malignant

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4
Q

The spread of cancer to distant sites within the body

A

Metastasis

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5
Q

Abnormal growth of cells

A

Dysplasia

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6
Q

Figures that increase in number within the cell

A

Mitotic figure

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7
Q

Chromosomes increase in number

A

Hyperchromatism

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8
Q

Physical alteration of the nucleus, doesn’t look the same

A

Atypia

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9
Q

Cells invade surrounding tissue

A

Penetration

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10
Q

Cells look mature

A

Differentiation

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11
Q

A benign tumor of glandular tissue that often develops on the breast, thyroid gland, or mucous glands of the intestinal tract

A

Adenoma

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12
Q

A neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal glands

A

Pheochromocytoma

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13
Q

Tumor that develops in adipose or fat tissue

A

Lipoma

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14
Q

A tumor of the muscle that develops in smooth or involuntary muscle

A

Myoma

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15
Q

A type of benign tumor composed of blood vessels, such as a birthmark

A

Angioma

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16
Q

Also known as a poly; an epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane

A

Papilloma

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17
Q

A benign tumor that occurs in the membranes that surround the brain

A

Meningioma

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18
Q

a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites

A

Cancer

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19
Q

Cell death or cell deletion by fragmentation into membrane particles, which are phagocytosed by other cells

A

Apoptosis

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20
Q

Cell cycle proteins

A

Cyclins

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21
Q

A change from one tissue to another; converting into cancer

A

Transformation

22
Q

The first stage of cancer in which there is a genetic change in a cell, an altering of the DNA by some agent, chemical, radiation, or oncogenic virus

A

Initiation

23
Q

The second stage of cancer development in which altered cells proliferate and resemble benign neoplasms, which can either regress to normal appearing tissue or evolve into cancer

A

Promotion

24
Q

The third stage of cancer development

A

Progression

25
Q

Any gene having the potential to induce a cancerous transformation

A

Oncogene

26
Q

a substance, chemical or preparation capable of inducing mutation.

A

Mutagen

27
Q

Type of cancer affecting epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining body cavities, or glandular tissue such as breast, liver, or pancreas.

A

Carcinoma

28
Q

A less common type of cancer that spreads rapidly and is highly malignant.

A

Sarcoma

29
Q

Cancer consisting of cells of different origins or tissue type.

A

Mixed cancer

30
Q

Condition caused when a patient becomes weak and emaciated in appearance due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor; also accompanies many chronic diseases like cancer, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.

A

Cachexia

31
Q

Prostate specific antigen, cancer screening for prostrate cancer

A

PSA

32
Q

Fetal protein found in maternal blood, AFP

A

Alpha-feto-protein

33
Q

Hormone secreted during pregnancy

A

BHCG, beta human chorionic gonadotropin

34
Q

Malignancy of the lymphatic system

A

Lymphoma

35
Q

A cancer of white blood cells in which the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white blood cells.

A

Leukemia

36
Q

Skin cancer

A

Melanoma

37
Q

Screening test for cervical cancer based on observation of cells obtained in biopsies of the cervix

A

Pap smear (papanicolaou)

38
Q

Diagnostic x-ray for breast tissue

A

Mammography

39
Q

Imaging technique using flexible tubing mounted with camera and surgical tools.

A

Endoscopy

40
Q

Procedure in which a small sample of a tissue is surgically removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities.

A

Biopsy

41
Q

Systemic administration of medications to kill malignant cells

A

Chemotherapy

42
Q

Indigestion, upper GI discomfort

A

Dyspepsia

43
Q

Painful swallowing

A

Dysphasia

44
Q

Painful breathing

A

Dyspnea

45
Q

Lumbar pain

Kidney

A

Flank pain

46
Q

Bloody emesis

A

Hematemesis

47
Q

Blood in urine

A

Hematuria

48
Q

Blood cough

A

Hemoptysis

49
Q

Digested blood in stool, coffee grounds, upper GI issues

A

Melena

50
Q

Undigested blood in the stool, lower GI issues

A

Occult blood

51
Q

A growth into the lumen, benign epithelial tumor

A

Polyp

52
Q

Rapid breathing

A

Tachypnea

53
Q

Urine found in the blood, urinary obstruction

A

Uremia

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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