1875-1905 Flashcards
(36 cards)
What did Koch do to identify microorganisms
Developed methods for staining and photographing
What microorganism did Koch first look to discover
Anthrax
How did Pasteur develop the idea of a vaccination
He was injecting chickens with chicken cholera bacteira, the chickens then died.
He left a culture out for a few weeks, then injected it, but they didnt die. When a fresh culture was injected, the chickens still didnt die
How did Pasteur combine his work with Koch and when
1881 - vaccinated cows and sheep against anthrax
How did pasteur save his first human life with a vaccine
Rabies - a 9 year old boy had it and Pasteur used his experimental vaccine, knowing the boy would die anyway. The boy lived
Can a vaccine protect someone who already has the disease
No
What microorganisms did Koch discover and when
1882 - tuberculosis
1883 - cholera
What is Koch known as
The father of bacteriology
When did Koch identify the anthrax microorganism
1875
When did Pasteur apply his rabies vaccine to a human
1885
By when was the germ theory widely accepted
1875
What is the difference between antiseptic and aseptic
Antiseptic is fighting infection, aseptic is preventing microorganisms from getting anywhere near the wound
How did the surgical conditions evolve
From antiseptic to aseptic
What were some aseptic changes in surgery (5)
- Operating theatres were clean
- No spectators
- Surgeons wore clean clothes
- Surgeons wore masks
- Surgeons wore rubber gloves
What is catgut and how was it used
Sheep’s intestine fibres - used to sew up blood vessels that had been cut during surgery. They dissolved in the body after 2/3 weeks and could be soaked in carbolic acid so didnt create infection in the wound
When was local anaesthetic developed and what was it
1884 - cocaine!
What was the artisans’ dwellings act and when
1875 - allowed local authorities to buy and demolish slum housing
What was the food and drugs act and when
1875 - improved the standard of food sold. E.g. some butchers would paint meat red to make it look more fresh. Made things like this illegal
What was the river pollution prevention act and when
1876 - banned factories disposing of waste into rivers
Infections disease (notification) act - when and what
1889 - ordered households or doctors to report infectious disease to the local medical health officer
What was the park hospital in London
Opened in 1897 - specialised in infectious disease like scarlet fever or diphtheria
How did the government impact public health in this period
Major impact. Passed a number of laws. Also showed the changing attitude towards the role of government.
How did science and technology impact the changes in this period
Greatly - new understanding on microorganisms and how disease spread showed the importance of improved hygiene. New technology made piped water and sewer systems possible
When did Karl Landsteiner discover blood groups
1901
