1920-48 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What did penicillin do
Killed microorganisms
Did Fleming discover the use of penicillin
No - in the Middle Ages, mouldy bread was sometimes used to treat wounds. Lister also used it for treatment after the wound did not respond to any antiseptic
When did Fleming publish his ideas on penicillin
1929
What was the immediate impact of the discovery of penicillin
Limited - it was difficult to produce, especially on a large scale. It was also suggested to work slowly and to be ineffective when mixed with blood
When was the second magic bullet discovered
1932
Who were the key individuals in the spreading of the use of penicillin
Howard Florey and Ernst chain
How did chain and Florey test penicillin
Mice
When was penicillin first used on a human
1941 - Albert Alexander - began to recover from septicaemia but died because they ran out of penicillin
Did Florey and chain patent penicillin
No
What did Florey and chain do to get funding for penicillin mass production
Moved to the USA because Britain was at war so couldn’t afford it
By when was penicillin mass produced
1944 - D-day - there was enough penicillin to treat all allied casualties
What are the 5 key factors in the development of penicillin
- Science
- Individuals
- Institutions (the US gov funded Florey for 5 years)
- Technology
- Attitudes in society / ww2
How many lives did penicillin save between 1945 and 1942
200 million!!!!
What was the significance of penicillin on other medication
It showed that one type of bacteria could kill another, leading to treatments for things like TB
Why did the advancement of development slow after ww1
There was less urgency
When was the emergency medical service set up
1939
Why did medical schools stop admitting women in the 1920s (3)
- They thought women would leave the profession to have a family
- Some men thought that it destroyed the delicate nature of women
- Some male students didn’t want to train with women
What percentage of the women attending medical school in 1920 were working medicine in 1936
17%
How were women doctors paid compared to men and what did this mean
Less - men became worried that women were cheaper so may take their jobs
How many women medical students were there in 1938 and 1946
38 - 2000
46 -2900
How was the impact of war on women in meds in ww2 compared to 1
Less in 2 as fewer male doctors were called up to serve
What impact did ww2 have on surgery
Penicillin was vital because the average gap between injury and surgery was 14 hours
Were mcindoe and gillies relatives
Yes both from New Zealand
When was gillies knighted
1930
