19 Flashcards
(29 cards)
list of classes of respiratory medications
- short acting B2 adrenergic agonists
- long acting B2 adrenergic agonists
- inhaled corticosteroids
- long acting B2 adrenergic agonist/corticosteroid combination
- short acting anticholinergic
- long acting anticholinergic
types of short acting B2 adrenergic agonists
- alberterol
- levabuterol
types of long acting B2 adrenergic agonists
- formoterol
- salmeterol
types of inhaled corticosteroids
- beclomethasone
- budesonide
- fluticasone
- mometasone
- triamcinolone
types of long acting B2 adrenergic agonist/corticosteroid combination
- formoterol/ budesonide
- formoterol/ mometasone
- salmeterol/ fluticasone
example of a short acting anticholinergic
-ipratopium
examples of long acting anticholinergics
tiotropium
which respiratory media are antimuscarinic agents?
- ipratropium
- tiotropium
example of leukotriene modifiers
montelukast
overview of main categories of pulmonary disorders
- asthma
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): chronic bronchitis, emphysema
- allergic rhinitis
definition of asthma
- a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways
- central roles of inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
when is the most common time to be diagnosed with asthma and be in remission
asthma is diagnosed before the age of seven years in approximately 75% of cases with many adolescents experiencing a remission of childhood asthma symptoms around the time of puberty and potential recurrence years later
what is the typical asthma like
a pattern of respiratory symptoms that occur with exposure to triggers and resolve with trigger avoidance or asthma medications
3 classic symptoms of asthma
- wheeze (high pitched whistling sound, usually upon exhalation)
- cough (often worse at night)
- shortness of breath/ difficulty breathing
the evaluation of a patient with suspected asthma is predominately focused on:
pulmonary function testing
most commonly spirometry before and after a bronchodilator
characteristics of COPD
airflow limitation, usually progressive, enhanced chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung to noxious particles or gases
2 main categories of COPD are
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
3 cardinal symptoms of COPD
- dyspnea: most common earliest symptoms is dyspnea on exertion
- chronic cough
- sputum production
main defining factor for chronic bronchitis
chronic productive cough
how is emphysema defined?
- abnormal and permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
- accompanied by destruction of the airspace walls (alveolar destruction) with or without fibrosis
airflow obstruction in asthma is due to bronchoconstriction that results from:
- contraction of bronchial smooth muscles
- increased secretion of mucus
- inflammation of the bronchial walls/airways
types of beta2 adrenergic agonists used to treat asthma
- short acting (SABAs) for quick relief- rescue inhaler
- long acting (LABAs) for long term control
what is contraindicated in long acting beta2 agonists and what is it usually used in combination with?
- mono-therapy is contraindicated
- usually in combination with inhaled corticosteroids
what is the long-term asthma controller of choice
inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
