19 - Vertebrae Diversity Flashcards
Challenges Animals Faced when they moved to land? How did they overcome them?
Desiccation
Limbs that support weight
Lungs/Ribs
Prevent desiccation – water-resistant skin, internal water storage, behavioral adaptions.
Limbs that support weight – Slow transition from fin like- to weight bearing / shallow to land, Strong skeletons, Muscular systems
Lungs / Ribs to prevent lung collapse - Simple lungs + Gills, Evolved efficient lungs (negative pressure to draw in air, ribs for movement, and later evolved breathing, expanding and contracting of lungs.
What is an amniotic egg?
An egg that has membranes to protect the embryo from desiccation
Endotherm
Internally regulates the body temperature of the organism using energy.
Ectotherm
Get body temperature from their environment. When it is hot they are hot, and vice versa
What adaptations do birds have to be able to fly?
No teeth
Small post-anal vertebrates
Honeycomb bone structure.
Efficient lungs
Efficient circulation (waste management)
Unique Traits of Primates
Opposable thumbs-grasping-flexible digit-on feet
Limber shoulders
Jointed hips
Post-anal tail
Bigger brains
Flat face eye face forward – depth perception
Sweat glands (MAYBE)
Unique traits genus Homo
Big brains
Bi-pedal – two legs / walk
Long life span (menopause – a female becomes infertile) – reproduction is very dangerous for women, and selection against birth defects.
Grandmother Hypothesis – children who have grandmothers are more likely to survive (help the community)
Evolved What trait first? - Lancelet
Brain
Evolved What trait first? - Hagfish
Head
Evolved What trait first? - Lamprey
Vertebral Column
Evolved What trait first? - Sharks / Rays
Jaws
Evolved What trait first? - Ray-finned-fish
Lungs / Lung derivative
Evolved What trait first? - Lobe-finned fish
Lobed Fins
Evolved What trait first? - Amphibians
Legs
Evolved What trait first? - Reptiles
Amniotic Egg
