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Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE > 1A > Flashcards

1A Flashcards

1
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

The increase of people living in towns and cities, causing them to grow.

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2
Q

Define Suburbanisation

A

The growth of a town or city into the surrounding countryside

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3
Q

Define Deindustrialisation

A

The decline of industry in an area

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4
Q

Define Counter-urbanisation

A

The movement of people from the cities to countryside areas.

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5
Q

Define Re-urbanisation

A

The movement of people back into urban areas, usually after a city has been modernised/ redeveloped.

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6
Q

Where did urbanisation start?

A

Middle East

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7
Q

Which two countries have a population over 1 billion?

A

India and China

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8
Q

Name 3 countries with a population over 100 million:

A

Russia
Brazil
U.S.A.
Pakistan
Mexico
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Japan

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9
Q

Which continent has the biggest population?

A

Asia

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10
Q

What are the two causes of Urbanisation?

A

-> Natural Increase (more births than deaths)
-> Rural to Urban Migration (push and pull factors)

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11
Q

Give 3 push factors for urban growth:

A

Limited Education
Mechanisation in Farming
Lack of education
Environmental changes (eg. drought)
Lack of resources
Few job opportunties
Lack of healthcare
Lack of Investment

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12
Q

Give 3 pull factors for urban growth:

A

Better jobs
Better utilities
Better education
Hope of improved living standards
Better healthcare
“Bright lights” of the city
Higher wages

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13
Q

In 1950, which were the top 3 most populated cities?

A
  1. New York, USA
  2. London, UK
  3. Tokyo, Japan
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14
Q

In 2018, which were the top 3 most populated cities?

A
  1. Tokyo, Japan
  2. Dheli, India
  3. Shanghai, China
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15
Q

Define Megacity

A

Cities with a population over 10 million

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16
Q

Which were the only two megacities in 1950?

A

New York and Tokyo

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17
Q

Which content has the most megacities?

A

Asia

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18
Q

Give 2 positive effects of rapid urbanisation

A

Better education
Economic development

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19
Q

Give 2 negative effects of rapid urbanisation

A

Overcrowding
Pressure on services (transport, health, education)
Pollution
Increased housing prices

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20
Q

Define Population

A

Total number of people

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21
Q

Define Population Distribution

A

General pattern of where people live

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22
Q

Define Population Density

A

Total number of people per square mile or km of land

23
Q

Describe the population distribution of the UK. Mention regions

A

Areas with lowest population distributions are quite mountainous.
Areas with highest population distributions are flatter land (London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Dublin, Cardiff, Edinborough etc.)

24
Q

Give 2 reasons for dense populations

A

-> Services - easy access
-> Flat land - building, growing crops
-> Pleasant climate - good soil
-> Industry - better transport links

25
Give 2 reasons for sparse populations
-> Remote - far from services -> Mountainous/ hilly land - building, growing crops -> Rivers - flooding
26
Define Relief
The shape of the land (how flat or mountainous it is)
27
Give 2 physical factors impacting population density:
Relief Water Climate Natural Resources Soil Vegetation
28
Give 2 human factors impacting population density:
Jobs Transport Hospitals Education Roads Facilities Housing
29
Define Location
Where the city is
30
Define Site
The land the city was originally built on
31
Define Situation
Where the city is compared to physical and human features around it
32
Name the 5 sections of the burgess Model from inner to outer :
CBD (Central Business District) Inner City Inner Suburbs Outer Suburbs Commuter Zone
33
Explain the CBD
City core. Contains shops, offices, entertainment. Few Residential. High buildings.
34
Explain the Inner City
Mixed land use of small industries, small houses and offices. Old industrial zone. Often contains flats. Being redeveloped in developed countries.
35
Explain the Inner Suburbs
Housing dates 80-100 years. Terraced houses with back yards. Often contains low income families.
36
Explain the Outer Suburbs
Semi-detatched houses. Council houses. Shopping parades. Out-of-town shops. Middle income families live here.
37
Explain Commuter Zone
Green belt around urban areas. Beyond it, small towns and village. High cost housing big gardens and space.
38
Give a limitation to the Burgess Model.
Rivers, lakes, conservation areas etc. need to be built around, and this can affect the plan of the burgess Land Use model.
39
Define top-down approaches
Government led Larger scale
40
Define bottom-up approaches
Community led Smaller scale
41
What is globalisation?
The process where countries, and therefore people, become increasingly interconnected through communication, transport, and trade.
42
What is containerisation?
Containerisation is the transportation of raw materials and goods in large containers. It is a cause of deindustrialisation because it is easier for businesses to relocate.
43
Give 2 reasons for deindustrialisation:
-> Natural resources become exhausted or more expensive -> Businesses relocate abroad, often to developing or emerging (cheaper, less strict pollution/ health/ safety laws).
44
What is the result of suburbanisation for places like Radyr?
Suburban crawl - Radyr is now part of the urban area of Cardiff. 'Swallowed up' by urban crawl.
45
Give a social impact of deindustrialisation:
-> Loss of jobs + increase in unemployment -> Drug use -> Out migration of skilled workers -> Less employment opportunities -> Boarded up derilict/ unused buildings
46
Give an economic impact of deindustrialisation:
-> Fall in property prices -> Lack of investment in the area -> Businesses and services close or move to other areas.
47
Give an environmental impact of deindustrialisation:
-> Vandalism (eg. graffiti)
48
Cause of deindustrialisation in Cardiff:
Coal exports declined from the 1920s due to falling demand following the discovery of North Sea oil. The decline of the coal and steel industries in South Wales had a big impact on the docks.
49
Impact of deindustrialisation in Cardiff:
Tiger Bay became a neglected wasteland of derelict docks and mudflats with a quarter of buildings empty. The population faced social, economic, and environmental problems due to the coal and steel industries decline. Job losses led to 60% unemployment in Butetown.
50
What is counter-urbanisation?
Urban to rural
51
2 reasons for counter-urbanisation:
1) Increased car ownership and better transport networks (easier to commute) 2) Push factors from cities -> people wanting to leave 3) Pull factors to the countryside - viewed as a nicer place to live
52
What is a Zone of Discard?
An area that was once a part of the CBD but is now in decline and characterised by low-status shops and warehouses, and vacant property.
53

Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE (15 decks)

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