Paper 3 data

Question 1

Why do we sample data?

Answer 1

To save time, energy, money, labour/ man power, equipment, access to suitable sites to ensure every single item or site within the parent population or whole sampling frame.

Question 2

What are the three types of sampling techniques?

Answer 2

Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling

Question 3

What is Random Sampling?

Answer 3

Selecting a data collection site at random

Question 4

Give an advantage of Random Sampling:

Answer 4

Every person/ site has equal chance of being included = representative

Question 5

Give a disadvantage of Random Sampling:

Answer 5

Can cause bias because you can be drawn to certain groups which affects reliability of results

Question 6

What is Systematic Sampling?

Answer 6

Collecting data in an ordered or regular way

Question 7

Give an advantage of systematic sampling:

Answer 7

Allows a good coverage of the study area.
More straightforward

Question 8

Give a disadvantage of systematic sampling:

Answer 8

Can miss certain groups/ sites altogether due to every nth person/ metres which could skew results

Question 9

What is Stratified Sampling?

Answer 9

Dividing sampling into groups

Question 10

Give an advantage of stratified sampling:

Answer 10

Selects groups which means data is more representative of the whole population

Question 11

Give a disadvantage of stratified sampling:

Answer 11

Need to access background information to avoid over/ under representation of groups

Question 12

Give an example of random sampling:

Answer 12

Random person to interview
Random site on a river

Question 13

Give an example of systematic sampling:

Answer 13

Stopping every 10th person
Taking measurements every 20 metres along a river

Question 14

Give an example of stratified sampling:

Answer 14

Samples from each course of a river
5 people from each age/ socioeconomic group

Question 15

Give an advantage of a choropleth map:

Answer 15

Easy to construct
Shows a visual impact for the data

Question 16

Give a disadvantage of a choropleth map:

Answer 16

Colourblind people
As maps are based on areas, it suggests that conditions are constant within the area - no variation - they suggest a sharp contrast at the boundary
Hard to distinguish between similar shades of colour

Question 17

Give an advantage of a flow map:

Answer 17

Useful way to compare movements between places
Very visual method

Question 18

Give a disadvantage of a flow map:

Answer 18

You do not want the lines to cluster up the map
Need to be able to see the differences between the data

Question 19

Give an advantage of percentage bar graphs (compound bar graphs):

Answer 19

Useful way to compare things
Very visual method of presenting data
Useful when you have a lot of data

Question 20

Give a disadvantage of percentage bar graphs (compound bar graphs):

Answer 20

Need to take care when taking readings of the graph
Can be tempting to compare too many things

Question 21

Give an advantage of an isoline map:

Answer 21

Useful to join places of equal values or amounts
Very visual method of presenting data

Question 22

Give a disadvantage of an isoline map:

Answer 22

Can be difficult to draw
Can be difficult to understand

Question 23

Give an advantage of a line graph:

Answer 23

Useful to show how things change over time
Easy to read and to identify patterns

Question 24

Give a disadvantage of a line graph:

Answer 24

Need to think carefully about the scale, can become distorted
Unsuitable if there are only a few data points

Question 25

Give an advantage of a pie graph/ pie chart:

Answer 25

Can show a lot of data on one graph They are easy to understand Useful to show how things are divided up

Question 26

Give a disadvantage of a pie graph/ pie chart:

Answer 26

They do not easily show exact values Small figures are sometimes not clear

Question 27

Give an advantage of a scatter graph:

Answer 27

Useful when you want to show a relationship between two sets of data Clearly shows data correlation

Question 28

Give a disadvantage of a scatter graph:

Answer 28

With lots of data can be difficult to label data points Too much data can make it unreadable

Question 29

**Data Analysis** Radar/ rose graph - Bar Graph - Choropleth Map - %/ compound bar graph - Isoline Map -

Answer 29

Built environment survey Questionnaire/ house prices Land use Land use Traffic Count

Question 30

**Data Analysis** Flow Map - Proportional Circle - Fieldsketch - GIS (DigitMaps or Google Maps) -

Answer 30

Pedestrian count Noise pollution Shop in Castle Street Risk Assessment