Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE > 2C > Flashcards

2C Flashcards

1
Q

Define Natural Resources

A

Features/ parts of the environment that can be used to meet human needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Abiotic

A

All the non-living things that are found in an area (water, soil, wind, minerals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Biotic

A

All the living things that are found in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Renewable

A

Can be replenished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Non-Renewable

A

Finite resources that can’t be replenished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Distribution

A

The way something is spread out across a geographical area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Biodiversity

A

The range of species that live in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Exploitation

A

Using a resource in a non-sustainable way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Pollution

A

The introduction of harmful materials into the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give two examples of biotic

A

Trees
Fish
Sheep
Cows
Wheat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give two examples of abiotic

A

Coal
Gold
Iron
Wind
Sunlight
Natural gas
Water
Crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give two examples of renewable

A

Trees
Wheat
Fish
Cows
Water
Sheep
Wind
Sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give two examples of non-renewable

A

Coal
Iron
Gold
Natural gas
Crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 3 areas of the world which are most suitable for forest

A

Russia
Canada
Scotland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do northern Africa, central Australia, and the Arabian peninsula have in common?

A

Mainly unproductive as agricultural land (hot deserts, dry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Physical water stress:

A

Not enough water for physical reasons (eg. climate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Economic water stress:

A

Lack of water for economic reasons (eg. poor water infrastructure/ technology or poor water management)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Briefly describe the distribution of fresh water across the world.

A

Regions lacking:
England, Germany poland
North and south and east Africa
China and india connected a lot of ‘main/ central’ Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the location of the world’s forests

A

Over half of the world’s forests (54%) are in five countries (russia, brazil, canada, united states, cina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which areas of the UK are most likely to experience water shortages?
Why?

A

South and the east.
Because they receive low rainfall annually on average (500-749mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes water shortages worse?

A

Climate change is changing out weather patterns, making it more unpredictable.
Higher temperatures and more frequent and severe storms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the distribution of the UK’s natural gas fields:

A

Offshore
East coast of England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the distribution of the UK’s oil reserves:

A

Offshore
Eastern coast of Scotland
Northern North Sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do humans exploit resources?

A

Increasing demand for water
Increasing demand for energy
Increasing demand for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Give 2 reasons why energy demand is increasing:
Population increase Technology advances Increase in wealth - more disposable income
26
How do we exploit the environment for food, water, and energy?
Food - farming and fishing (We extract 50% more resources than we did 30 years ago). Water - Aquifiers, lakes, rivers, rainwater harvesting, treated waste water, resevoirs. Energy - Coal mining, oil extraction, natural gas extraction, wood solar, wind, hydro-electricity
27
Give 1) How does soil erosion happen?
1) Demand for food -> farmland needed -> deforestation -> reduction in soil fertility -> soil exposed to elements -> erosion 2) Demand for food -> intensive use of land -> overgrazing -> soil exposed to the elements -> erosion.
28
Give 1) How does reduction in biodiversity happen?
1) Farming -> deforestation 2) Fishing 3) Water -> overextraction -> lakes dry up, groundwater lost 4) Pollution from extraction -> acid rain
29
Give 1) How does water pollution happen?
1) Mineral mining -> toxic by-products -> washed into rivers 2) Oil demand -> drilling and transportation -> ocean spills 3) Increased soil erosion ->sediment washed into rivers -> Decreased water quality
30
Give 1) How does air pollution happen?
1) Resource extraction -> pollutants released into the air -> air quality reduced. 2) Carbon emissions -> enhanced greenhouse effect -> climate change
31
Environmental imapcts of deforestation of rainforests for farming:
Enhanced greenhouse effect Lack of biodiversity Loss of habitats Soil erosion No rich, fertile soil. Exhausted soil.
32
Environmental impacts of overfishing/ use of bottom trawling:
Overfishing Loss of biodiversity Destruction of habitats Boats cause water pollution
33
Environmental impacts of water pollution from mining:
Water pollution Reduction of biodiversity Water extraction No ecosystem Impact those relying on fish for food/ water for cleaning
34
Environmental impacts of over-extraction of water:
Over-extraction of water Loss of habitats Reduction in biodiversity
35
Name 3 countries/places consuming over 2,500 calories a day
United States of America Canada France Australia Turkey Western Europe
36
Name 3 countries consuming less than 2,250 calories a day
Madagascar Venezuela Eastern Africa
37
What doesn't calories per day data tell us?
It doesn't show how nutritious the food is It doesn't show variations within the country
38
Why is Africa's energy use so low?
Lack technology, transport, and money to use it
39
Why has the energy use in North America and Europe stayed relatively constant?
Development happened in North America and Europe ages ago, so they already had factories.
40
Why has Asia's energy usage increased so dramatically?
Massive population growth. Substantial rapid development.
41
What are the three main uses of water?
Agricultural Industry Domestic
42
Name 3 non-renewable energy sources:
Coal Oil Natural gas Nuclear HEP
43
Name 3 renewable energy sources:
Wave/ tidal Wind Solar Geothermal Biofuels
44
Define energy mix
The proportion of different sources of energy used by a country to meet demand.
45
Give a human factor that influences the energy mix
1) **Development/Wealth** – can a country afford to exploit or import resources? Is it worth it? Price? 2) **Technology** – do they have the technology to develop new types of energy? 3) **Political** – priorities of the Government 4) **Attitudes** of the population/pressure from environmental groups
46
Give a physical factor that influences the energy mix
1) **Natural Resources** – are there accessible fossil fuels? 2) **Climate/Landscape** – is it suitable for solar/wind/HEP/ wave? 3) **Tectonic Activity** – is it suitable for geothermal?
47
Brainstorm some main points to remember with advantages/ disadvantages of energy sources
Employment Cost Attitudes Settlements Development/wealth Technology Political Domino effect
48
What is shale gas?
Shale gas is found trapped in tiny pores in Shale rock (sedimentary). It is formed by the decomposition of organic matter (remains of plants and animals) and is mostly methane.
49
How does hydraulic fracturing extract shale? 3 steps
1) Chemicals, water, and sand are injected at high pressure 2) Pressure causes fissures in rock so gas flows back out. 3) Methane and flowback water are recovered.
50
Why might a person oppose fracking?
Increased risk of earthquakes Non-renewable Methane can get into domestic water supply.
51
Fracking facts politics (US and UK)
1) Obama wanted to use fracking to reduce reliance on other countries for coal and gas, reducing imports. 2) Liz Truss legalised fracking in September 2022 only for it to be reversed for the following month. 3) Polling by the UK government found that just 17% of people support fracking. Faced protests and challenges. With no planning issues or protests, fracking would meet less than 5% of the UK's demand in the next 5 years.
52
What is a stakeholder?
Different groups of people (stakeholders) - individuals, organisations, and governments
53
Suggest 2 reasons why support for renewables among the UK population has changed over time.
1) Influenced by media forms 2) Non-renewable fuels are often cheaper in the short-term 3) People are more educated so they are more aware of the pros and cons.
54
What does 'sustainable management' mean?
To use a resource in a way hat meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
55
Give 2 reasons why energy resources need to be managed sustainably
-> Population is increasing -> Preserve resources for future generations -> Environmental damage
56
Identify 3 things that you could personally do to reduce your carbon footprint
1) Reduce food waste 2) Switch to renewable energy 3) Buy less 4) Reduce energy usage (eg. transportation) 5) Grow own food/ buy local
57
How can companies/ organisations manage energy sustainably?
Shift their priorities
58
How can governments manage energy sustainably?
Invest in renewables Implement laws
59
How can international community manage energy sustainably?
Meet to discuss plans Stop importing/ exporting non-renewables
60
Give 3 factors affecting the opinion of different groups?
Media Education Funding Money
61

Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions